Computed Tomographic Findings of chest in Cases of HIV and Correlation with CD4 Counts- A Three Year Study at a Tertiary Care Hospital
Journal Title: International Journal of Contemporary Medicine surgery and Radiology - Year 2018, Vol 3, Issue 3
Abstract
Introduction: According to global report, 36.7 million people worldwide are living with AIDS by end of 2016, with 2.1 million children <15 years of age. The primary cell involved in AIDS is CD4 T-lymphocyte; hence the estimation of CD4 cell count helps in assessment and the risk of development of opportunistic infections in affected individual. Our aim of the present study was to assess the prevalence and nature of different radiological presentations by computed tomography in HIV infected individuals presenting with respiratory illness. Material and methods: A three year prospective study was conducted by Department of Radiology after ethical committee approval. Computed tomography of the chest was performed on all diagnosed cases of HIV presenting with respiratory ailments. CD4 t lymphocyte estimation was done in all the cases by FACS. Descriptive statistics, median and ranges were calculated for continuous data. Frequencies and percentages were calculated for Categorical data. All the data was analyzed by using SPSS software version 19.0(IBM corp, USA) Results: 550 confirmed cases of HIV with predominant males (69.82%) and M:F ratio of 2.31:1 were included in the study. The mean age was 34.2± 6.2 years.21-30 years was the common age group and 17.82% were on HAART and 56.36% of cases were observed with CD4 counts >200 -<499 cells/mm3.Positive findings on chest CT were observed in 76.36% of cases. Fever was the most common symptom and pulmonary tuberculosis was the most common imaging abnormality on Chest CT in all the cases. Discussion: our study highlights the patterns of clinical symptoms and their relationship with CD4 counts in cases of HIV. The different presentations on CT imaging studies and their diagnostic patterns are expressed based on the immune status and CD4 counts of the cases and their response based on HAART. We found that pulmonary tuberculosis still remains as the most common clinical entity in cases of HIV and the presentations on CT are variable based upon the CD4 counts of the case.
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