CONSTITUTIONAL IDEAS OF ZEMSTVO LIBERALS ON ISSUES OF ZEMSTVO SELF-GOVERNMENT DEMOCRATIZATION IN SECOND HALF OF XIX – EARLY XX CENTURIES
Journal Title: Юридичний науковий електронний журнал - Year 2016, Vol 1, Issue
Abstract
The article discusses development of constitutional ideas on issues of zemstvo self-government democratization by zemstvo liberals in the second half of the XIXth – early XXth centuries. Chronologically, we should distinguish two stages of development of constitutional ideas and attempts to lay them down in law and practice by zemstvo liberals. In the first phase, which covers the period from the introduction of zemstvos in 1865 to the zemstvo counter-reform in 1890, constitutional ideas of zemstvo self-government did not have sufficient support among zemstvo councilors, they were chaotic, not developed and not implemented in legislation. In the second phase, which began after the counter-reform of 1890 and ended in 1906, zemstvo constitutionalists aimed to reform the electoral system, change the system of zemstvo bodies and expand their powers, limit powers of local administration concerning control of zemstvo bodies’ activities. The constitutional ideas of zemstvo liberals were only partially implemented in legislation because of reluctance to carry out democratic zemstvo reform by the royal government and due to lack of support for the reforms among zemstvo councilors. Constitutional activities of zemstvo liberals to democratize zemstvo self-government reached their highest peak in the early XX century. From a modern point of view, the constitutional ideas of zemstvo liberals and ways of their implementation in legislation had, of course, several shortcomings. However, it should be recognized that zemstvo self-government got significant practical experience of the legal oppositional activities, which is an important element of constitutionalism. Zemstvo self-government bodies played an important role in the development of civil society in Ukraine – a part of the constitutional order. Zemstvos raised questions of decentralization of power, which is an urgent problem for local self-government nowadays.
Authors and Affiliations
А. І. Козаченко
Keywords
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