Corticotropin-releasing factor microinjection into the central nucleus of the amygdala alters REM sleep.
Journal Title: Pharmacological Reports - Year 2006, Vol 58, Issue 1
Abstract
Psychological stressors have a prominent effect on rapid eye movement sleep (REMS) in humans and animals. We hypothesized that the stress-related neurochemical corticotropin-releasing factor (CRF), acting in the amygdala, could initiate neural events that lead to REMS alterations. Therefore, we made bilateral microinjections of three different doses of CRF into the central nucleus of the amygdala (CeA) in five rats. Only the lowest dose of CRF (1 ng) induced a change in sleep, specifically REMS, during the 4-h post-injection period. Thus, REMS alterations following psychological stress may depend, in part, on CRF release in the CeA.
Authors and Affiliations
Aaron C Pawlyk, Larry Sanford, Francis Brennan, Adrian Morrison, Richard Ross
Exendin-4 and GLP-1 decreases induced expression of ICAM-1, VCAM-1 and RAGE in human retinal pigment epithelial cells.
Advanced glycation end products (AGEs) take part in the development of diabetic retinopathy. Hyperglycemia triggers an inflammatory response in the retina. These mechanisms may lead to an enhanced expression of adhesion...
Effect of metformin on selected parameters of hemostasis in fenofibrate-treated patients with impaired glucose tolerance.
Background: No previous study has assessed whether the addition of metformin potentiates fibrate action on hemostasis in prediabetic subjects. Methods: Our study included 41 fenofibrate-treated patients with impaired glu...
Physiology and pharmacology of melatonin in relation to biological rhythms.
Melatonin is an evolutionarily conserved molecule that serves a time-keeping function in various species. In vertebrates, melatonin is produced predominantly by the pineal gland with a marked circadian rhythm that is gov...
CB(2) and TRPV(1) receptors mediate cannabinoid actions on MDR1 expression in multidrug resistant cells.
Background: Cannabis is the most widely used illicit drug in the world that is often used by cancer patients in combination with conventional anticancer drugs. Multidrug resistance (MDR) is a major obstacle in the treatm...
Mechanism of action of clozapine in the context of dopamine D(1)-D(2) receptor hetero-dimerization - a working hypothesis.
The tight correlation between the clinical potency and the D(2)R blocking action of antipsychotic medications suggests that dopamine hyperactivity plays a significant role in psychosis. Clozapine, one of the most effecti...