Critical review of hypercalcemia
Journal Title: Journal of Medical and Allied Sciences - Year 2017, Vol 7, Issue 1
Abstract
Hypercalcemia is a clinical condition with an abnormally high serum calcium (Ca) level. Hypercalcemia is associated with many diseases with primary hyperparathyroidism and some malignancies accounting for greater than 90% of cases. Hypercalcemia may be clinically useful as a diagnostic or prognostic marker for these diseases. This paper covers the various etiologies attributing to hypercalcemia, pathogenesis and the differential diagnosis of hypercalcemia. Hypercalcemia is a useful diagnostic marker in hypercalcemia-related diseases such as primary hyperparathyroidism, malignancies and granulomatous disorders. Adequate managements or treatments are aimed to reduce serum Ca levels by preventing bone resorption, enhancing urinary Ca excretion, or preventing intestinal Ca absorption. The optimal choice is dependent on the cause and/or severity of hypercalcemia. Drug treatment or management of hypercalcemia include: Bisphosphonates, Gallium nitrate, Glucocorticoids and Denosumab.
Authors and Affiliations
Uchendu Ikenna Kingsley| Division of Clinical Chemistry, Department of Medical Laboratory Science, University of Nigeria, Enugu Campus, Enugu State, Nigeria, Chidozie Elochukwu Agu| Division of Clinical Chemistry, Department of Medical Laboratory Science, University of Calabar, PMB 1115 Calabar, Cross River State, Nigeria, Tochi Faith Nwosu| Barnes Hospital and Cardiac Diagnostic Laboratories Ltd. 34b, Yesufu Abiodun Oniru Road, Dideolu Estates, Victoria Island Extension, Lagos State, Nigeria
Keywords
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