Critical review of hypercalcemia
Journal Title: Journal of Medical and Allied Sciences - Year 2017, Vol 7, Issue 1
Abstract
Hypercalcemia is a clinical condition with an abnormally high serum calcium (Ca) level. Hypercalcemia is associated with many diseases with primary hyperparathyroidism and some malignancies accounting for greater than 90% of cases. Hypercalcemia may be clinically useful as a diagnostic or prognostic marker for these diseases. This paper covers the various etiologies attributing to hypercalcemia, pathogenesis and the differential diagnosis of hypercalcemia. Hypercalcemia is a useful diagnostic marker in hypercalcemia-related diseases such as primary hyperparathyroidism, malignancies and granulomatous disorders. Adequate managements or treatments are aimed to reduce serum Ca levels by preventing bone resorption, enhancing urinary Ca excretion, or preventing intestinal Ca absorption. The optimal choice is dependent on the cause and/or severity of hypercalcemia. Drug treatment or management of hypercalcemia include: Bisphosphonates, Gallium nitrate, Glucocorticoids and Denosumab.
Authors and Affiliations
Uchendu Ikenna Kingsley| Division of Clinical Chemistry, Department of Medical Laboratory Science, University of Nigeria, Enugu Campus, Enugu State, Nigeria, Chidozie Elochukwu Agu| Division of Clinical Chemistry, Department of Medical Laboratory Science, University of Calabar, PMB 1115 Calabar, Cross River State, Nigeria, Tochi Faith Nwosu| Barnes Hospital and Cardiac Diagnostic Laboratories Ltd. 34b, Yesufu Abiodun Oniru Road, Dideolu Estates, Victoria Island Extension, Lagos State, Nigeria
Keywords
Related Articles
- EP ID EP12766
- DOI 10.5455/jmas.254690
- Views 373
- Downloads 27
Assessment of current burden of human rabies in Sir Ronald Ross Institute of Tropical and Communicable Diseases (SRRIT&CD) – Five year study
Human rabies has been still endemic in India. There are an increasing number of studies estimating the burden of human rabies, but the true incidence of the disease and endemicity were rarely reported in the literatur...
Vaccinology: Reflections and the way forward
In recent times vaccine development exploration accelerates the new strategies based on genomics, proteomics, functional genomics and glycochemistry (synthetic chemistry). The evolving Advanced technologies have the pot...
Clinicopathological study of eye lid tumors in Hyderabad – A review of 57 cases
An eyelid tumor leads to functional and aesthetic problems. The prevalence and distribution of eye lid tumors have considerable variation. The aim of this study was to categorize the prevalence and distribution of vario...
Snake bite: Biochemical changes in blood after envenomation by viper and cobra
Snake bite poisoning is a significant cause of mortality and morbidity in tropical and sub-tropical countries like India. The present study was taken up to evaluate the biochemical changes in snake bite cases in diffe...
Colloidon baby – Rare case with preventable complications
Colloidon baby is a rare congenital disorder characterized clinically by parchment like taught membrane covering the whole body at the time of birth, which subsequently develops Non bullous ichthyosiform erythroderma o...