Determination of Clozapine by Air Assisted Dispersive Liquid-Liquid Microextraction Based on Solidification of Organic Droplet Followed by HPLC in Human Serum
Journal Title: Advanced Journal of Chemistry-Section A (Theoretical, Engineering and Applied Chemistry) - Year 2020, Vol 3, Issue 2
Abstract
Due to the challenges of maintaining serum levels in a safe therapeutic range (1–3 μM), Clozapine is one of the most promising medications for managing schizophrenia. Recently the barrier to the broader use of clozapine has been recognized to be the measurement of clozapine levels, which is however challenging due to the complexity of serum samples. The determination of clozapine is mainly conducted through a novel, simple, rapid and sensitive air assisted dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction based on solidification of organic droplet method that has been developed and validated by high-performance liquid chromatography with UV detection in human serum. In this method, due to the usage of an organic solvent with a low density and appropriate melting point, no microsyringe or fiber is required to support the organic microdrop. Furthermore, the extractant droplet can be collected easily by solidifying it at low temperature. 1-Undecanol was selected as extraction. The optimization of Parameters that influence extraction efficiency, i.e., volumes of extracting solvent, pH, and salt effect, were performed using a factor by factor approach. Enrichment factor for clozapine under optimal conditions was 128. The limit of detection was 1.34 ng/mL in serum sample. The proposed method was successfully applied to the determination of clozapine in serum samples of a person under clozapine therapy.
Authors and Affiliations
Amir Hosein Mohammad shafiee, Mohammad Reza Mohammad shafiee
Keywords
Related Articles
- EP ID EP656164
- DOI 10.33945/SAMI/AJCA.2020.2.1
- Views 54
- Downloads 0
Prediction of two-dimensional gas chromatography time-of-flight mass spectrometry retention times of 160 pesticides and 25 environmental organic pollutants in grape by multivariate chemometrics methods
A quantitative structure–retention relation (QSRR) study was conducted on the retention times of 160 pesticides and 25 environmental organic pollutants in wine and grape. The genetic algorithm was used as descriptor sele...
An Improved Escherichia Coli Bacterium Detection in Microchannel Based on Dielectrophoresis Impedance Measurements
In this study, a bacterial detection technique utilizing benefits of both positive and negative dielectrophoresis has been simulated with COMSOL Multiphysics. The two dimensional proposed model has six microelectrodes ac...
Comparative Assessment of Trace and Heavy Metals in Available Drinking Water From Different Sources in the Centre of Lagos and off Town (Ikorodu LGA) of Lagos State, Nigeria
The analysis of heavy metals in drinking water from different sources in Lagos state, Nigeria were determined with a view of comparing the effects of level of Industrialization, population density and urbanization on the...
Optimized Rhodium Dissolution Process Using Aqua Regia
The present paper focuses on a unique, optimized process of completely dissolving rhodium that can be employed on a large scale. Dissolution of rhodium has always been a challenging aspect of rhodium metallurgy due to it...
Synthesis and chemical modification of maleic anhydride copolymers with 2-amino ethyl benzoate groups
Maleic anhydride (MAN) copolymers with methyl methacrylate, ethyl methacrylate, methyl acrylate, ethyl acrylate, and butyl acrylate monomers at 1:3 mole ratios were synthesized by free radical polymerization in the prese...