Determination of venlafaxine and its metabolites in biological materials
Journal Title: Archives of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy - Year 2012, Vol 14, Issue 4
Abstract
Venlafaxine (VEN), which was introduced into the therapy in 1990s, is one of the most often used antidepressants. The monitoring of its level in the human organism is recommended, particularly in the case of a patient suffering from other illnesses and treated with different drug substances interfering with VEN. The most popular diagnostic material for the quantitation of VEN is blood. The present study is the review on the methods of determination of VEN and its metabolites in blood and other human diagnostic materials, such as saliva and urine, and also in animal tissues. The paper also sums up the methods of extraction, i.e. liquid-liquid extraction, solid-phase extraction as well as modifications of these methods, such as liquid-phase microextraction and cloud-point extraction. According to the literature, it can be stated that the most popular method for the determination of VEN level and its main metabolite, O-demethylvenlafaxine, is HPLC with the UV or spectrofluorimetric detectors. Another separation method used for the determination of VEN is LC with MS. As a stationary phase, the most frequently the C18 column is applied and a mixture of acetonitrile with a phosphate buffer. For the determination of venlafaxine enantiomers, a chiral stationary phase was used.
Authors and Affiliations
Ewelina Dziurkowska, Marek Wesołowski
Keywords
Related Articles
- EP ID EP140738
- DOI -
- Views 80
- Downloads 0
Selected psychological traits and body image characteristics in females suffering from binge eating disorder
Aim. This paper reports the results of the author’s own research aimed at diagnosing specific psychological (personality) traits and body image characteristics in a population of selected females suffering from binge eat...
Investigating the relationship between depression severity and cognitive rigidity through the use of cognitive errors
Aim.This study examined the association between depression severity and an indicator of the diversity of cognitive errors (CEs) used by individuals with major depressive disorder (MDD). Methods. One early and one late t...
Factor structure of symptoms in the Kraków Depression Inventory KID IO “C1”
Aim. The aim of this article is partial empirical verification of the depression image theoretical concept underlying the KID IO “C1” construction, and also, a check of the questionnaire’s factor relevancy. Material. KI...
Usefulness of the concepts of deficit and defect in the psychotherapeutic process
The aim of this article is to outline the usefulness of such categories as deficit and defect during the process of psychotherapy in psychodynamic terms. Because there is no one common definition of these concepts, first...
Reflection on the possibility of alternative approach to the psychopathology of “functional” disorders
Functional short-term disorders provoked by extremely difficult life events – stresses – are entirely different from the chronic or recurrent ones: anxiety or other “neurotic” syndromes, eating, sexual and some other dis...