Determining Some Morphophysiological Traits Affecting the Root-to-Shoot Ratio in Different Cultivars of Barley (Hordeum vulgare L.)
Journal Title: Iranian Journal of Field Crops Research - Year 2024, Vol 22, Issue 2
Abstract
IntroductionBarley is the fourth most common cereal crop in the world after wheat, maize, and rice, which is used for animal and human feed and malt production. This plant stands out among crops due to its unexpectedly wide range of adaptation and distribution compared to other cereals, earning it recognition as a model species. Determining the variation in the morphological and physiological traits of roots and shoots in the collection of barley genotypes can provide the basis for breeding new cultivars with suitable traits for better adaptation to specific environments. So in this study, some morphophysiological characteristics of roots and shoots of commercial barley cultivars were studied to identify cultivars with a higher root-to-shoot ratio as donor parents for breeding projects.Materials and MethodsIn this study, 21 barley cultivars were grown in a randomized complete block design with six replications in greenhouse conditions. Morphological and physiological traits related to roots and shoots were measured during the tillering and heading stages. Also, some traits affecting photosynthesis and yield during reproductive growth and harvesting stages were measured. Analysis of variance, mean comparison by LSD test at 5% probability level, and multivariate statistical analyses including principal components analysis, cluster analysis by Ward method, correlation analysis, and path analysis were performed by JMP and R statistical software.Results and DiscussionSignificant genetic diversity was observed for most of the traits among cultivars (P < 0.05). At the tillering stage, Behrokh and Mehtab cultivars and in the heading stage, Jolgeh cultivar showed the highest dry weight of root to shoot ratio. Reyhan variety showed the lowest dry weight of root-to-shoot ratio in both stages. The carbohydrate content of the root in the tillering stage and leaf proline, root volume, and the ratio of chlorophyll a to carotenoid in the heading stage had the highest significant correlation coefficients with dry weight of root to shoot ratio (P < 0.05). Path analysis revealed that the root carbohydrate content in the tillering stage and the ratio of chlorophyll to carotenoids and proline in the heading stage are the most effective traits of the dry weight of root-to-shoot ratio. Principal components analysis showed that the first and second principal components explain 33.63% and the first seven principal components explain 72.66% of the total changes. Also, the first principal component showed a positive and significant correlation with root to root-to-shoot ratio in the heading stage, and the second principal component showed a negative and significant correlation with this ratio (P < 0.05). The studied cultivars were classified into four groups based on cluster analysis so that the fourth and second clusters in the tillering stage and the third and second clusters in the heading stage had the highest and the first cluster in both stages had the lowest dry weight of root to shoot ratio.ConclusionBased on the results, Jolgeh and Reyhan cultivars can be used in breeding programs to improve and produce cultivars with higher root-to-shoot ratio, optimal yield, and more adapted to specific environments. These cultivars had the highest and the lowest dry weight of root-to-shoot ratio in both stages, respectively. Also, they were placed in different dimensions of the biplot drawn based on the first two principal components. In addition, these cultivars were observed in different classes based on the cluster analysis.AcknowledgmentThis project related to the Ph.D. thesis was financially supported by the Vice President for Research of the Faculty of Agriculture, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, and the seeds of the cultivars used in this study were provided by the Karaj Seed and Plant Improvement Institute, the authors are thankful for this cooperation.
Authors and Affiliations
R Najib,M Farsi,M Zare Mehrjardi,N Moshtaghi,
Keywords
Related Articles
- EP ID EP736548
- DOI https://doi.org/10.22067/jcesc.2024.84953.1274
- Views 42
- Downloads 1
Agro-ecological Zoning of Iran for Plant Production
IntroductionFor optimal production and maintaining its stability, environmental and weather conditions must be determined from the perspective of capabilities and limitations. For this purpose, it requires reliable regio...
Determining Some Morphophysiological Traits Affecting the Root-to-Shoot Ratio in Different Cultivars of Barley (Hordeum vulgare L.)
IntroductionBarley is the fourth most common cereal crop in the world after wheat, maize, and rice, which is used for animal and human feed and malt production. This plant stands out among crops due to its unexpectedly w...
Effect of Leaf Removal on Quantitative and Qualitative Characteristics of Autumn Sugar Beet Cultivars in Golestan Province
Introduction  Sugar beet, scientifically known as Beta vulgaris L, is allogamous, diploid, biennial plant of the spinach genus that is cultivated to produce storage roots. The growth period of sugar beet, depending on e...
Effect of Deficit Irrigation, Planting Date and Biofertilizers on Agro- Morphological Traits, Leaf Nitrogen and Carbon Concentration and Seed Yield on Quinoa under Ardabil conditions
IntroductionThe most important problem that threatens food security of any country and the world is the lack of adequate water resources, so one of the ways to deal with this crisis is to use plants with low water requir...
Effect of Nitrogen Application on Camelinaâ (Camelina sativa)ââ âOil Seed Yield and Yield Components at Different Planting Dates
IntroductionCamelina [Camelina sativa (L.) Crantz] oilseed is a low-input crop that grows and yields well in semiarid regions with low-fertility or saline soils in comparison with other crops. Camelina seeds contain 30â...