Determining the Types of Diseases and Emergency Issues in Pilgrims During Hajj: A Literature Review
Journal Title: International Journal of Advanced Computer Science & Applications - Year 2016, Vol 7, Issue 10
Abstract
Introduction: Every year 2-3 million pilgrims with different background and most of them are elderly from 184 countries in the world congregate in the holy place ‘Haram’ at Makkah in Saudi Arabia to perform Hajj. During the pilgrimage, they come across a great deal of rough and tough environment, physical hassle and mental stress. Due to the hardship of travel, fluctuation of weather, continuous walking during religious rites at specific time and sites, many pilgrims injury, feel tired, sick, and exhausted. These may also create complications and overburden the physiological functions including heart, chest, abdominal, and kidney of those who suffer from chronic diseases. Besides the problem of diseases, crowds could cause some other significant problems including missing and lost pilgrims, injuries, and even death. Objective: To determine the common health problems e.g. diseases and emergency incidents encountered by pilgrims during Hajj was the main objective of this study. Methods: An extensive literature review to determine the common health problems and emergency incidents during Hajj was conducted through a systematic literature review. Numerous scholarly databases were used to search for articles published related to health problems and emergency incidents during Hajj from 2008 to 2016. Eligible articles included case reports, experimental and non-experimental studies. Only thirty articles out of two hundred and sixty articles had met the specific inclusion criteria. Results: The analysis revealed that respiratory diseases include pneumonia, influenza, and asthma (73.33%) were the main health problems encountered by the pilgrims during Hajj followed by heat stroke or heat attack, sunlight effects (16.67%), cardiovascular disease, heart disease (10%). The analysis also revealed that emergency incidents include traffic accidents, and trauma was 3.33%. Notwithstanding the information given above, according to the analysis, the common health problems during Hajj are mainly divided into two categories: non-communicable diseases (62.5%) and communicable diseases (37.5%). IBM’s statistical package for the social sciences (SPSS) version 22 was used to analysis the result. Conclusion: Both communicable and non-communicable health issues are the most common health problems encountered by pilgrims during Hajj. But, due to lack of existing studies associated with this research area, a definite conclusion could not be made. However, our findings demonstrated the necessity of new research to find solutions to pilgrims’ health problems during Hajj.
Authors and Affiliations
Shah Al Masud, Asmidar Bakar, Salman Yussof
Keywords
Related Articles
- EP ID EP164882
- DOI 10.14569/IJACSA.2016.071011
- Views 115
- Downloads 0
Convolutional Neural Network Hyper-Parameters Optimization based on Genetic Algorithms
In machine learning for computer vision based applications, Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) is the most widely used technique for image classification. Despite these deep neural networks efficiency, choosing their opt...
Optimized Routing Information Exchange in Hybrid IPv4-IPv6 Network using OSPFV3 & EIGRPv6
IPv6 is the next generation internet protocol which is gradually replacing the IPv4. IPv6 offers larger address space, simpler header format, efficient routing, better QoS and built-in security mechanisms. The migration...
Deep Learning Classification of Biomedical Text using Convolutional Neural Network
In this digital era, the document entries have been increasing days by days, causing a situation where the volume of the document entries in overwhelming. This situation has caused people to encounter with problems such...
Capacitated Vehicle Routing Problem Solving using Adaptive Sweep and Velocity Tentative PSO
Vehicle Routing Problem (VRP) has become an integral part in logistic operations which determines optimal routes for several vehicles to serve customers. The basic version of VRP is Capacitated VRP (CVRP) which considers...
Segmentation of Touching Arabic Characters in Handwritten Documents by Overlapping Set Theory and Contour Tracing
Segmentation of handwritten words into characters is one of the challenging problem in the field of OCR. In presence of touching characters, make this problem more difficult and challenging. There are many obstacles/chal...