DEVELOPMENT OF THE STUDY OF THE HISTORY OF THE COSSACKS IN MYKOLAYIV AND KHERSON IN THE LATE ХІХ AND EARLY ХХ CENTURIES
Journal Title: Чорноморська минувшина - Year 2017, Vol 12, Issue
Abstract
The main center of historical research in the territory of Southern Ukraine in the XIX and XX centuries. Odesa was the largest socio-economic and cultural center in the region. Therefore, most historiographers mainly studied how the historiography developed at the Novorossiysky University, leading Odesa societies. But important historiographic phenomena were also in other southern Ukrainian centers. The development of historiography in the territory between the Bug and the Dnieper, the main cities of these lands, Kherson and Mykolayiv should be studied better. Although these territories are known to have been one of the historical centers for the development of the Ukrainian Cossacks, in particular Kamyanska and Oleshkivska Sich, and the Bug Cossack Army. The purpose of this article is to study the history of the Cossacks in these centers in the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries, to trace their connections, and to accept their views. The relevance of this approach is evidenced by the availability of articles on the study of the Cossacks in certain regional branches of historical science. Some aspects have already attracted the attention of researchers whose works are taken into account as a historiographic basis of this article. The source-documentary base of our article is, first of all, the works of Mykolayiv and Kherson cossacks, newspaper publications, memoirs. The first history of the Cossacks in Mykolayiv was studied by M. Kiryakov, in Kherson - O. Rusov. Both paid attention to the fact that the Cossacks carried out military and maritime campaigns, and the Kherson author made an important accent on the fact that historians should pay much attention to the Turkish and Tatar historical sources. In the 1890s in Mykolayiv studied the history of the Ukrainian Cossacks, a student of V. B. Antonovich P. A. Ivanov In the magazine «Kievskaya starina» in 1891 year. P. A. Ivanov published documents from the archives of the Nicholas Military Governor's Office on the resettlement of Cossacks to Taman. A great contribution to the collection and research of the Cossack heritage was made by the employees of the Natural History-Historical (Historical-Archaeological) Museum S.I. Gaiduchenko F. T. Kaminsky In the work "History of Ukraine-Rus", the head of the Ukrainian society "Prosvita" Mykolayiv M. M. Arkas paid much attention to the history of the Ukrainian Cossacks. He accepted the populist version that the Cossacks emerged from the fugitives who escaped the Polish order, in the hope of starting a new life, free and equal. He described the Ukrainian people who went to the Cossacks as vicarious people, conquerors who attacked and robbed Tatars, Turks, Muscovites, Poles, Lithuanians and their own, Ukrainian, Masters. The device of Zaporozhian Sich reminded the author of West European knight orders. M. M. Arkas believed the uprising of 1648 was popular. Separate section M. M. Arkas devoted to the last years of Sich's existence and its liquidation. The description of the liquidation of the Sich draws attention to the sharp opposition between Russians and Zaporozhians. The historian paid much attention to the fate of the Cossacks after the liquidation, until the Crimean War. Many images of the Cossacks were in the illustrations to the book. Reviewers of the book М. М. Arkas basically believed that he well described the history of the Cossacks. Chief historian in Kherson in the late ХІХ nineteenth and early ХХ centuries. was a student of V. B. Antonovych Viktor Ivanovych Goshkevych, founder and director of the Kherson Museum. In 1903 year the researcher published a book on treasures and the search for treasures in the Kherson region. In the book, in an interesting way, he combined stories about the findings of Cossack subjects and legends about the Cossack treasures. In the department of history of the Cossacks V.I. Goshkevych conducted excursions in the Ukrainian language. The museum was constantly replenished with items from the history of the Cossacks. V. I. Goshkevych conducted excavations on the territories of Kamenska, Oleshkivska and Chortomlytskaya Sich. It is concluded that the research of Cossack history in Mykolayiv and Kherson was one of the main directions of local historiography. This allowed local historians to draw attention to their research by representatives of other centers, to be active participants in the historiographical process in the south of Ukraine, and sometimes also outside its borders. An important factor in the development of Cossack was the interest in this topic from the side of the lovers of history. They understood the historical significance of documentary and archaeological artifacts that helped historians, first of all, V. I. Goshkevych, to process and store these sources.
Authors and Affiliations
Olexandr Muzychko
Keywords
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