DISINFECTION OF DRINKING WATER-CONSTRAINTS AND OPTIMIZATION PERSPECTIVES IN ALGERIA
Journal Title: Larhyss Journal - Year 2014, Vol 19, Issue 19
Abstract
Drinking water is disinfected to inactivate waterborne pathogens. The most common form of disinfection is chlorination, although ozone and UV light are also used in some plants of the world. Disinfection equipment depends on the type of disinfectant used. In developing countries, the water disinfection problem is large and complex. There are a number of appropriate methods but chlorine continues to be one of the most popular options. In Algeria, it is the only method of disinfection used. Chlorine is a very effective disinfectant, it is relatively easy to handle, the capital costs of chlorine installation are low, simple to dose, measure and control and it has a relatively good residual effect. Chlorination efficiency depends on chlorine residual, contact time, type of chemical used, location in the treatment process, and on characteristics of the water being treated. The chlorine demand involves the reaction of chlorine with compounds in water, reducing the amount of chlorine available to kill microorganisms. Chlorination of humic substances in drinking water is known to produce mutagenic and carcinogenic compounds such as trihalomethanes. Because of their chemical quality, Algerian waters could lead to complex and competitive reactions during chlorination step. The widespread detection of chloroform and other organohalogenated compounds contamination in the water reservoirs appear to be largely a consequence of the use of chlorination for the disinfection of drinking water. Those documented as probable human carcinogens and mutagens have been detected in large amounts and have been considered as the major component of DBPs. Taking into account above drawn conclusions, greater efforts are needed to evaluate and set priorities for drinking water disinfection in Algeria. The challenge is to maintain the level of microbial protection while minimizing the exposure of the consumers to DBPs. If disinfection by chlorination is maintained, the best way to reduce THM generation is to reduce the concentration of precursors through various water treatment techniques prior to chlorination.
Authors and Affiliations
ACHOUR S. | Laboratoire de Recherche en Hydraulique Souterraine et de Surface Faculté des Sciences et Technologie, Université de Biskra, Algérie, CHABBI F. | Laboratoire de Recherche en Hydraulique Souterraine et de Surface Faculté des Sciences et Technologie, Université de Biskra, Algérie
Keywords
Related Articles
- EP ID EP15099
- DOI -
- Views 364
- Downloads 12
CARTOGRAPHIE DU RISQUE D’INONDATION DE LA VILLE DE MEDJEZ EL BAB PAR DEBORDEMENT DE LA MEDJERDA
The main objectives of this study are the simulation of the local flows of Medjerda in flooding, the mapping of the exposed issues and the quantification of the risk of flood. The hazard is evaluated with the help of a...
SYNTHESE DES PRINCIPAUX INDICATEURS DE PERFORMANCE DES SYSTEMES IRRIGUES
Most of the arid and semi-arid countries are facing water stress due to high agricultural water demand on one hand and the scarcity of available water resources on the other. These countries face, and will be even more...
STATISTICAL CHARACTERIZATION OF GROUNDWATER QUALITY OF THE NORTHERN AREA OF THE BASIN OF HODNA, M’SILA. SOUTHEASTERN ALGERIA
The intensive exploitation of groundwater resources in the region of Hodna has greatly influenced the hydrochemical functioning of the Mio-Plio-Quaternary aquifer located in the northern part of the basin of Hodna M'Si...
IMPACT DE LA POLLUTION URBAINE SUR LA CONTAMINATION PAR LES NITRATES ET LES NITRITES DE LA NAPPE PHREATIQUE DE MARTIL (MAROC)
The urban district of Martil in northwest of Morocco has expensed greatly in the last decade 2003/2012, and the numerous large infrastructure projects are underway. Wastewaters of the city are collected and partially d...
CONCERTED WATER MANAGEMENT OF LARGE IRRIGATED PERIMETERS. CASE OF THE HABRA PLAIN (NORTH-WEST ALGERIA)
The perimeter of Habra covers an area of 21210 ha, equipped on 19630 ha. Founded in 1940, it is part of the northern plain of the Macta in the Wilaya of Mascara. It is one of the most important perimeters of the Oran r...