Effect of exercise on skeletal muscle protein metabolism
Journal Title: Medycyna Sportowa - Year 2018, Vol 34, Issue 2
Abstract
Contractile activity affects protein metabolism in skeletal muscles. That effect depends mostly on a type of exercise (resistance or endurance) and on a diet composition during the post exercise recovery. Resistance exercise promotes mainly myofibrillar protein synthesis. The largest elevation in the protein synthesis is observed during the first 3-4h of the recovery (so called “anabolic window”) and decreases with time. Protein supplementation markedly increases the protein synthesis. The most potent activator of the process is leucine, a branched-chain aminoacid. Leucine is an independent stimulator of the synthesis. The protein synthesis stimulation may reach the maximal rate at a certain level of leucine in the myocytes. This level is called “leucine threshold”. The post resistance exercise muscle protein synthesis is also regulated by hormones (testosterone, growth hormone, insulin-like growth factor-1) and by local factors. There is a growing number of data indicating that mechano-growth factor is the most important local factor. It is generated during contractile activity of the muscle and promotes myofibrillar protein synthesis. The resistance training leads to hypertrophy of the muscles. The endurance exercise increases synthesis mostly mitochondrial proteins. Endurance training increases biogenesis of mitochondria and activity of the enzymes of the respiratory complex. The resistance exercise also activates muscle and tendon collagen synthesis. This process is controlled by growth hormone and by peptides produced locally by fibroblasts.<br/><br/>
Authors and Affiliations
Beata Wójcik, Jan Górski
Keywords
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