Effect of Intermittent Photic Stimulation (IPS) on Electroencephalogram (EEG) of females with Premenstrual dysphoric disorders (PMDD)
Journal Title: Advance Research Journal of Multidisciplinary Discoveries - Year 2017, Vol 18, Issue 10
Abstract
Around seventy-five percent of women with regular menstrual cycles report unpleasant physical or psychological symptoms just before the beginning of a monthly menstrual cycle. For the majority of women, these symptoms are mild and tolerable. However, for a certain group of women, these symptoms can be disabling and may cause significant disruption in their lives and are often the reason for seeking medical treatment. Those symptoms are called as premenstrual syndrome (PMS), with the modern concept the severe form of PMS is named as premenstrual dysphoric disorders (PMDD). In order to assess an effect of intermittent photic stimulation on electroencephalogram (EEG) of females with PMDD, the current study was conducted on thirty females confirmed having PMDD based on research criteria (DSM-IV). Thirty female with symptomatic PMDD were selected, based on the inclusion and exclusion criteria. They were screened with questionnaire and research criteria (DSM-IV). After taking written consent, all the participants were explained about the procedure and anthropometric, cardiorespiratory variables were recorded followed by EEG recordings with 5, 10, 15, 20, 25, 30 Hz frequencies of intermittent photic stimulation were done. The first phase of EEG recordings was done before menses or during the peak of symptoms reported by them and were repeated immediately after menses. EEG recordings were dissected out into its constituent frequency bands by Fast Fourier Transformation. The data of EEG power spectra were non-normally distributed and hence subjected to log transformation and statistical analysis was done. The EEG power spectra were expressed as the mean ± standard deviation. Paired sample t-test was used for comparison of anthropometric variables, cardio-respiratory variables, and EEG power spectra between the premenstrual and postmenstrual recordings. The EEG power spectra of before the beginning of menstruation or during the peak of symptoms were compared with an EEG power spectra of immediately after the menses is over. There was significant (p<0.05) increase in beta activity at frontotempoparietal (F3, C3, T3 and P3) area of left hemisphere when premenstrual EEG recordings were compared with postmenstrual EEG among PMDD. Therefore the study concluded that the increased in beta activity at left hemisphere under intermittent photic stimulus among females with PMDD is indicative of the presence of anxiety, stress, insomnia, and obsessive or negative thinking.
Authors and Affiliations
Binu Shrestha, Bishnu Hari Paudel, Nirmala Limbu, Kopila Agrawal
Keywords
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