Effect of Planting Date and Moisture Levels on Some Physiological and Biochemical Traits of Quinoa Cultivars (Chenopodium quinoa Willd.) in Birjand and Sarbisheh Regions
Journal Title: Iranian Journal of Field Crops Research - Year 2024, Vol 22, Issue 2
Abstract
IntroductionThe economic importance of quinoa is not only due to the possibility of using the seeds as a food product characterized by a similar composition and use as consumer cereals but the species can also be managed as a leafy vegetable with high nutritional value and similar uses, such as, for example, spinach. Drought is another environmental stressor for plants subjected to severe water stress, especially in semi-arid and arid environments. Water scarcity poses a considerable challenge to crop production, leading to a notable reduction in crop yield. Quinoa, however, boasts low water requirements and demonstrates resilience in drought conditions. Even during dry periods, quinoa can effectively sustain leaf area and regulate photosynthetic activity. This resilience is facilitated by structural characteristics such as small, thin-walled cells, tissue flexibility, low osmotic potential, and controlled leaf area reduction through dehiscence. Other quinoa features for sustaining turgor pressure through osmotic adjustment during drought stress include inorganic ion buildup (e.g., Ca, K, and Na) and improved organic element synthesis (carotenoids and proline). Quinoa genotypes have several drought-resistance mechanisms, enabling this crop to grow and develop under severe drought conditions. Materials and MethodsTo evaluate the effect of moisture levels on some quinoa cultivars biochemical traits, four separate experiments were conducted in a factorial layout based on randomized complete block design with three replications in two regions (Birjand and Sarbisheh) and two planting dates (March and July/August) in 2018-2019. The experimental factors included five moisture levels (25, 50, 75, 100, and 125% of crop water requirement) and three quinoa cultivars (Titicaca, Giza1, and Redcarina). Some quinoa physiological and biochemical traits were evaluated by composite analysis at the 50% flowering stage and the effects of planting date and location were considered fixed.Results and DiscussionThe results showed that in August/July cultivation, the characteristics of RWC, electrolyte leakage, sodium percentage, potassium percentage, chlorophyll a, carotenoids, proline content, and total soluble carbohydrate of leaves were increased by 17.10, 74.62, 95.51, 31.9, 3.53, 38.65, 94.19 and 9.30% respectively and chlorophyll b content decreased by 13.15% compared to March culture. Also, in Sarbisheh, RWC, electrolyte leakage, potassium percentage, and leaf carotenoids are respectively 3.53, 38.65, 94.19 and 9.30% more than Birjand, but sodium percentage, chlorophyll a, chlorophyll b, proline and total soluble carbohydrates of leaves were 4, 1.88, 15.67, 51.02 and 30.41% less than Birjand, respectively. In most of the studied traits, the Giza1 cultivar had higher quality traits. Severe water scarcity resulted in an elevation of certain biochemical traits in quinoa leaves. Specifically, as moisture levels decreased from 125% to 25% of the water requirement, there was a significant increase in electrolyte leakage, sodium and potassium percentages, chlorophyll a and b, carotenoids, proline, and total leaf soluble carbohydrates by 24.50%, 37.84%, 35.89%, 24.83%, 59.12%, 48.75%, 51.58%, and 36.71%, respectively. However, the relative water content (RWC) decreased by 17.70%. Notably, there were no significant differences observed between the 125% and 100% levels of water requirement for most of the analyzed traits.ConclusionIn general, with the significance of the triple interaction of planting date à location à cultivar, as a result, the reaction of each variety depends on the planting date and location of its planting. But in general, most of the quinoa leaf physiological and biochemical traits increased in August/July cultivation. In Birjand, due to the higher average temperature and other climatic parameters compared to Sarbisheh, and probably understanding the heat stress, traits such as photosynthetic pigments, proline, and soluble carbohydrates had higher values. In this research, the Giza1 was superior to the other two cultivars, and moisture stress caused a significant decrease in the water content of the leaves and a significant increase in quinoa leaves quality traits.
Authors and Affiliations
F Golestanifar,S Mahmoodi,H. R Fallahi,A Shahidi,
Keywords
Related Articles
- EP ID EP736550
- DOI https://doi.org/10.22067/jcesc.2024.85306.1279
- Views 28
- Downloads 1
The Effect of Deficit Irrigation on Grain Yield and Some Physiological Indicators of Sunflower (Helianthus annus L.) Cultivars
IntroductionSunflower, one of the primary oilseed crops worldwide, is cultivated extensively due to its suitability for agricultural needs, high oil yield, and nutritional and medicinal value. However, drought remains th...
Effect of Application of Nitrogen Doses Along with Biochar and Zinc Nanoparticles on Quantitative and Qualitative Characteristics of Rice (Oryza sativa L.)
IntroductionAmong the various nutrients, nitrogen (N) is the limiting element for crop yield, which application of the optimum doses of this fertilizer in addition to increasing the yield components and grain yield in pa...
Evaluation of Yield, Yield Components, and Forage Quality in the Intercropping of Kochia (Kochia scoparia L.) and Cowpea (Vigna unguiculata)
IntroductionThe agricultural systems are facing numerous challenges in maintaining and providing food security. Achieving this goal, considering the growing global population is possible through the application of sustai...
Effect of Rice-Duck co-Cultivation on Rice Yield, Water Productivity and Weed Control in Different Cultivation Systems
 Introduction Rice-duck cultivation is an integrated farming technology, which could increase rice production, grain quality and ecological sustainability in paddy fields. One of the main strategies in sustainable agr...
Investigating the Effect of Different Levels of Irrigation and Humic Acid Foliar Application on the Physiological Characteristics and Indigo of Indigofera tinctoria L.
IntroductionIndigo (Indigofera tinctoria L.) is a flowering plant belonging to the Fabaceae family. This plant has a high ability to grow again after harvesting, and the low sensitivity of this plant to the attack of pes...