Effects of Local and Systemic Atorvastatin on Inflammation and Alveolar Bone Loss in Experimental Periodontitis in Rats
Journal Title: Journal of Dental School Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences - Year 2017, Vol 35, Issue 4
Abstract
Objectives Periodontitis is the first cause of tooth loss in developed countries and often occurs in people over 40 years. Atorvastatin is a statin drug with optimal efficacy for treatment of high cholesterol. It also stimulates bone morphogenetic protein (BMP-2), which has osteogenic potential. This study aimed to evaluate the efficacy of local and systemic atorvastatin for treatment of periodontitis. Methods Forty-eight Sprague Dawley rats were randomly divided into six groups of eight; in five of them, experimental periodontitis was induced by ligature and they received systemic atorvastatin (12.5 mg/kg) daily (1), systemic solvent (12.5 mg/kg) (2), local atorvastatin (0.25 mg/kg) (3), local solvent (4), no drug (5) and no ligature (6). The rats were sacrificed on day 11. Histopathological analysis of periodontal tissue and malondialdehyde (MDA) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) tests on the serum were performed to assess bone loss and inflammation. The statistical tests used for MDA and SOD tests were one-way ANOVA with Duncan post hoc; whereas, nonparametric Kruskal-Wallis and Mann-Whitney tests were used for histopathological samples. Results Although local injection and oral administration of atorvastatin significantly decreased alveolar bone loss and serum MDA levels, no significant difference in their effectiveness was observed. Serum SOD levels did not significantly change in the groups (P>0.05). Conclusion In this study, both local injection and oral administration of atorvastatin decreased inflammation and bone loss in periodontitis. However, no significant difference in their effectiveness was detected. Local injection was superior to oral administration due to lower effective dose.
Authors and Affiliations
Sara Masoumi, Kamran Kouzeforoush Abadi, Shahin Setoudehmaram, Nader Tanideh, Bahram Movahed
Keywords
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