Effects of Sonchus asper and apigenin-7-glucoside on nociceptive behaviors in mice
Journal Title: Journal of Pharmacy & Pharmacognosy Research - Year 2017, Vol 5, Issue 4
Abstract
Context: Sonchus asper is an important herbal medicine that traditionally used to treatment of digestive system infections and heart disease. Aims: To evaluate of anti-inflammatory and antinociceptive effects of Sonchus asper hydroalcoholic leaf extract (SALE) and one of its major constituent, apigenin-7-glucoside (Ap7G), in male mice. Methods: In this experimental studies were used nociceptive assessment tests, which include writhing, tail-flick, and formalin-, and glutamate-induced paw licking tests. In addition, xylene test was used for evaluating of anti-inflammatory effect of SALE and Ap7G. Results: In tail-flick, writhing and glutamate-induced paw licking tests, application of a dose of 300 mg/kg of extract showed significantly (p<0.01) antinociceptive effect compared to the control group. In the formalin test, treatment with a dose of 100 mg/kg of extract reduced the pain scores in the tonic phase compared with the control group (p<0.05). In formalin model, also naloxone (an opioid non-selective antagonist) plus the extract (300 mg/kg) reduced licking and biting in mice. Moreover, the use of morphine decreased the nociceptive activity in all assessment tests. In addition, in xylene test, treatment with dose of 100 mg/kg of SALE increased the inhibition (49%) comparing to the control group. The Ap7G showed significant antinociceptive and anti-inflammatory effects in all tests. Conclusions: SALE and Ap7G have both antinociceptive and anti-inflammatory effects under the experimental conditions performed in this study. The modulation of the glutamatergic system by opioid receptors could be involved, at least in part, in these effects.
Phytochemical screening and evaluation of the central nervous system activity of the ethanolic extract of Eugenia clarensis Britton & P.Wilson
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