Effects of the Extremely Low Frequency Electromagnetic Fields on NMDA-Receptor Gene Expression and Visual Working Memory in Male Rhesus Macaques
Journal Title: Basic and Clinical Neuroscience - Year 2015, Vol 9, Issue 3
Abstract
Introduction: The present research aimed to examine Visual Working Memory (VWM) test scores, as well as hormonal, genomic, and brain anatomic changes in the male rhesus macaques exposed to Extremely Low Frequency Magnetic Field (ELF-MF). Methods: Four monkeys were exposed to two different ELF-MF frequencies: 1 Hz (control) and 12 Hz (experiment) with 0.7 µT (magnitude) 4 h/d for 30 consecutive days. Before and after the exposure, VWM test was conducted using a coated devise on a movable stand. About 10 mL of the animals’ blood was obtained from their femoral vain and used to evaluate their melatonin concentration. Blood lymphocytes were used for assaying the expressions of N-Methyl-D-aspartate NMDA-receptor genes expression before and after ELF exposure. Anatomical changes of hippocampus size were also assessed using MRI images. Results: Results indicated that VWM scores in primates exposed to 12 Hz frequency ELF increased significantly. Plasma melatonin level was also increased in these animals. However, these variables did not change in the animals exposed to 1 Hz ELF. At last, expression of the NMDA receptors increased at exposure to 12 Hz frequency. However, hippocampal volume did not increase significantly in the animals exposed to both frequencies. Conclusion: In short, these results indicate that ELF (12 Hz) may have a beneficial value for memory enhancement (indicated by the increase in VWM scores). This may be due to an increase in plasma melatonin and or expression of NMDA glutamate receptors. However, direct involvement of the hippocampus in this process needs more research.
Authors and Affiliations
Masoomeh Kazemi, Hedayat Sahraei, Hamed Aliyari, Elaheh Tekieh, Mehdi Saberi, Hassan Tavacoli, Gholam Hossein Meftahi, Hossein Ghanaati, Maryam Salehi, Mostafa Hajnasrollah
Keywords
Related Articles
- EP ID EP455056
- DOI 10.29252/nirp.bcn.9.3.167
- Views 91
- Downloads 0
Research Paper: The Impact of Synovial NF-ĸB Activation on Apoptosis Pattern Change During Adjuvant-induced Inflammation
Introduction: Apoptosis dysregulation plays a substantial role in the pathophysiology of chronic inflammation and its related symptoms such as edema. Regulation of NF-ĸB activation is involved in apoptosis pattern change...
The Antinociceptive Effects of Rosuvastatin in Chronic Constriction Injury Model of Male Rats
Introduction: According to studies, statins possess analgesics and anti-inflammatory properties. In the present study, we examined the antinociceptive, anti-inflammatory and antioxidative effects of rosuvastatin in an ex...
Research Paper: Cross State-dependent Learning Interaction Between Scopolamine and Morphine in Mice: The Role of Dorsal Hippocampus
Introduction: The current study aimed at investigating the existence of the cross state-dependent learning between morphine and scopolamine (SCO) in mice by passive avoidance method, pointing to the role of CA1 area. Me...
Bone Marrow Stromal Cells With Exercise and Thyroid Hormone Effect on Post-Stroke Injuries in Middle-aged Mice
Introduction: Based on our previous findings, the treatment of stem cells alone or in combination with thyroid hormone (T3) and mild exercise could effectively reduce the risk of stroke damage in young mice. However, it...
Curcumin-Loaded BSA Nanoparticles Protect More Efficiently Than Natural Curcumin Against Scopolamine-Induced Memory Retrieval Deficit
Introduction: There is evidence indicating that the rate of AD is lower in curry consuming populations. Then, there is an effort to elucidate if curcumin -as the main ingredient of turmeric- might affect the process of A...