Efficiency of wastewater treatment plants in removal of intestinal parasites: A review approach
Journal Title: Environmental Health Engineering and Management Journal - Year 2020, Vol 7, Issue 3
Abstract
Background: Wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) in urban areas, are potentially one of the causes of the spread and entry of parasitic pathogens into the environment and water resources. Numerous studies have been conducted on the presence of parasitic agents in the entry and effluent of WWTPs in different countries. This study was conducted to review the parasite prevalence in different WWTPs and assess their removal efficiency. Methods: ScienceDirect, Scopus, Web of Science, and PubMed databases and other sites with the ability to receive a full-text related articles, were reviewed. Various keywords such as parasites, wastewater, effluent, treatment efficiency, protozoan cysts, parasitic eggs, and similar keywords were used to search articles published from 2005 to 2019. After screening the titles and abstracts of articles, 26 articles were reviewed in this study. Results: Giardia spp, Cryptosporidium spp, Entamoeba spp, Blastocystis spp, Toxocara spp, Trichostrongylus spp, A. lumbricoides, and Hymenolepis are the most prevalent parasites. Studies show that parasitic egg hatching rates are up to 5%, in aerated lagoons, up to 99.9%, in activated sludge, and up to 5%, in ponds due to high retention time and downstream artificial reefs. Conclusion: Studies show that due to the current state of treatment plants and adverse operating and maintenance conditions, it is not possible to completely remove parasitic pathogens from these systems, therefore, it should be considered by regulatory authorities and the systems need to be improved for better performance of treatment plants and optimizing them, and training of users should also be improved. This review indicated that the types of natural constructed wetland in Kermanshah (Iran) and activated sludge of wastewater treatment processes in Iran and Brazil are most effective in removal of intestinal parasites.
Authors and Affiliations
Hajar Ziaei Hezarjaribi, Zabihollah Yousefi, Bahman Rahimi Esboei
Application of imputation methods for missing values of PM10 and O3 data: Interpolation, moving average and K-nearest neighbor methods
Background: PIn air quality studies, it is very often to have missing data due to reasons such as machine failure or human error. The approach used in dealing with such missing data can affect the results of the analys...
Effect of hydrocarbonic pollutants on the stability and soil water repellency intensity: A case study in Bandar Abbas Oil Refinery, Hormozgan province, Iran
Background: The contamination of soil and water with hydrocarbonic pollutants is a major environmental problem. Soil water repellency will interrupt water infiltration, and may decline plant growth and potentially trigge...
Production of fuel briquette from solid waste biomass using natural resin as a binder
Background: This research aimed to evaluate the use of natural resin as a binder for the production of fuel briquette from solid waste biomass. Methods: Proximate analyses were made for fuel briquette prepared from sol...
Health sector’s flood response plan: A comprehensive review
Background: Floods are the most common natural disaster which may have substantial impacts on the human health and life and the environment. In recent years, Iran have faced many floods and it seems that increasing imp...
Association of urinary triclosan and methyl-triclosan levels with predictive indicators of cardiovascular disease and obesity in children and adolescents in 2020 (case study: Kerman, Iran)
Background: Exposure of children and adolescents to endocrine disrupting chemicals (EDCs) causes the development of non-communicable diseases. Triclosan (TCS) is a fat-soluble antimicrobial agent, and methyl-triclosan...