Екологічні особливості відносного життєвого стану лісових культурфітоценозів Криворіжжя (Ecological features of the related life state of the cultivated forest community at Kryvorizhzhya)
Journal Title: Питання біоіндикації та екології - Year 2018, Vol 23, Issue 2
Abstract
Objectives of this study was to find out the ecological features of the relative life state of the forest plantations in contrasting ecotypes at Kryvyi Rih ore and metallurgical basin (Kryvorizhzhya). The sampled areas were selected within forest plantations at Kryvorizhzhya. They are located in contrasting ecological conditions and represent all major varieties of artificial trees-shrubs planting. The sampled areas included park and garden territories (Dovgyntsevsky and Veseloternivsky arboretum), sanitary zones (protective zone of Arcelor Mittal Kryviy Rih PJSC), water protection territories (Karachunivsky reservoir and Saksagan river) and urban protection forest («Dubki», «Dnipropetrovsk highway», «Kosior's Ring»). Natural phytocenosis of the Guriv forest in the Dolynsky district of the Kirovograd region, located in the floodplain of the Bokova River and 30 km away from industrial enterprises, was used as control territory. Within the forest plantations 34 monitoring sites were installed. At these sites vertical structure, height and diameter of the trunk at a distance of 1.3 m from the ground of the I–III layer trees were determined by classical methods. The relative life state (vitality) of the forest stand within forest plantations was established by V. A. Alexeyev’s method. At every site (i) all trees of the 1st, 2nd and 3rd layer were numbered, (ii) evaluation of diagnostic signs for each tree by indicators of crowns, branches, leaves was performed, (iii) evaluation of the plant's condition as a whole was carried out. In cameral conditions the number of trees and stocks of trunk timber was calculated. The relative life state (vitality) was established by (i) number of trees and (ii) by stocks of trunk timber. The forest plantations at Kryvorizhzhya are characterized by domination of aboriginal species (English oak (Quercus robur L.), common ash (Fraxinus excelsior L.), smooth skid (Ulmus laevis Pall.), field maple (Acer campestre L.)) and the participation of introduced species (red oak (Quercus rubra L.), linden heart (Tilia cordata L.)). These forest plantations are characterized by impermeability of the vertical structure: it means that there is no third layer of trees at the particular sites (uplift), as well as shrub and grassy layer. At Kryvyi Rih ore and metallurgical basin the forest plantations were created in the 30–60 years of the last century. These forest plantations are located in contrasting ecological conditions: a) the soil fertility is ranging from fairly fertile type to fertile type; b) soil moisture is ranging from dry to moist. Atmospheric pollution has such categories: periodic, small, medium, relatively significant and significant pollution. Combining the effect of anthropogenic and natural factors, the zones of the forest plantations’ location are distinguished: unfavorable, relatively unfavorable, relatively favorable and favorable ecological conditions for trees and shrubs growth and development. At Kryvorizhzhya, the relative life state (vitality) of forest plantations was diverse and estimated as much weakened, weakened and healthy. It is logical that the best vitality was found in natural phytocenosis of the Guriv forest. In this area it was found out that relative life state of the I–III layer trees state are: (i) 79.8–81.4 conditional points (by V. A. Alekseev scale) by number of trees calculated and (ii) 85.1–87.9 conditional points by stocks of trunk timber. Due to a series of deterioration of ecological conditions of the forest plantations, the relative life state (vitality) indicators were reduced. This was followed by calculations both of the number of trees and on the indicators of the volume of wood. Trees of the first layer are characterised by the maximum numerical values of the relative state of life, while the trees of the second layer are more depressed. Among the components of the tree stand, leaves have the smallest numerical indicators of the relative state of life. Представлені характеристики життєвого стану лісових культурфітоценозів Криворізького гірничо-металургійного регіону, яке досліджено за методикою В. А. Алексєєва. Відзначено, що ці ценози були створені в 30–60 рр. ХХ ст. з використанням аборигенних та інтродукованих видів зі спрощеною вертикальною структурою. З урахуванням дії природних і антропогенних факторів виділені зони несприятливих, відносно несприятливих, відносно сприятливих і сприятливих екологічних умов територій їх розташування. Встановлено, що відносний життєвий стан лісових культурфітоценозів регіону, залежно від екологічних умов, оцінюється як сильно ослаблений, ослаблений і здоровий.
Authors and Affiliations
М. О. Квітко, В. М. Савосько (Vasil Savosko, Maxim Kvitko)
Keywords
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- EP ID EP519944
- DOI 10.26661/2312-2056/2018-23/2-03
- Views 89
- Downloads 0
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