Екотоксикологічна та малакоіндикаційна оцінка екологічного стану поверхневих водотоків міста Мелітополь
Journal Title: Питання біоіндикації та екології - Year 2017, Vol 22, Issue 1
Abstract
The article deals with the results of ecotoxicological and malacoindication evaluation of the state of surface water currents in the city of Melitopol. 9 zones with different functional purposes (industrial zones, residential areas, recreational areas, highways) are selected. The following indicators were identified in each of them: chemical absorption of oxygen (COD), dry residue, biochemical oxygen uptake (BOD5), concentration of chlorides and sulfates, content of moving forms of heavy metals. In the zones of industrial objects (MZTG, Refma), the dry residue exceeds the MPC by 1,4 times due to the drainage of these enterprises and an increased level of deflation. Indicators of COD and BOD5 do not exceed the critical levels of contamination and are statistically correlated with each other (r = 0,46, p = 0,00). The content of sulfates exceeds the critical levels of pollution by 1,29–2,44 times, chlorides – by 1,00–1,87 times, lead – by 0,04–4,14 (only in 9,5 % of cases the concentration is less than the MAC), cadmium – by 0,79–3,33 MAC (only in 19,4 % of cases, the concentration of cadmium is less than the MAC). In the surface waters of the city of Melitopol, the content of zinc and chromium does not exceed the MPC. Ecotoxicological assessment of water bodies of the urbosystem of Melitopol indicates their unfavorable condition. An integral bioindicative assessment of the ecological state of surface waters of Melitopol is carried out. Indicative species of mollusks Lymnaea stagnalis and Viviparus viviparus reflect the toxic effects of two formally independent aspects of pollution of the aquatic environment – the total pollution associated with zinc and lead and its part related to cadmium and chromium. Direct gradient analysis indicates that the optimum pH for the lamella of Lymnaea stagnalis is 7,6–7,7, and for Viviparus viviparus – 7,8–8,0. Deviation from the optimum zone of pH increases the toxic effect of heavy metals. On the basis of the biodiagnostic classification, five classes of water pollution were identified (The highest pollution → Contamination → Moderate pollution → Weak pollution → Conditionally pure biotope) and an integrated bioindicative assessment of the ecological state of the aquatic environment was carried out. Thus, only certain biotopes can be regularly assigned to one bioindicatory class of pollution of the water environment. This concerns the area of the MZTG plant (industrial zone) – 100 % of cases were identified as the highest pollution, as well as the Aviation Area (residential area) – 100 % of cases were identified as a conditionally pure habitat. The variability of the contamination regime and the processes of restoring the biotic integrity of benthic systems lead to certain bioindicative distribution of pollution estimates, which in itself is also an important source of information on the level of environmental pollution. So, the forest park zone is identified as a transition between polluted and moderate levels of pollution. The water currents in the Refma plant area show a range of levels of pollution from the highest to the weakest. В статье представлены результаты экотоксикологической и малакоиндикационной оценки состояния водотоков города Мелитополя. Проанализирована динамика физико-химических параметров поверхностных вод в различных функциональных зонах города. В качестве индикаторов состояния поверхностных водотоков города Мелитополя были выбраны – L. stagnalis и V. viviparus. Прямой градиентный анализ указывает на то, что оптимум рН для моллюска L. stagnalis составляет 7,6–7,7, а для V. viviparus – 7,8–8,0. Отклонение от зоны оптимума рН усиливает токсический эффект воздействия тяжелых металлов. Индикаторные виды β-мезосапробной малакофауны отражают токсическое воздействие ионов цинка, свинца, кадмия и хрома.
Authors and Affiliations
Жуков О. В. , Йоркіна Н. В. Zhukov O. V. 1, Yorkina N. V. 2
Keywords
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