Environmental Impact Quotient (EIQ) Evaluation of Used Pesticides in Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) Fields of Bandar-e-Turkeman County, Golestan Province
Journal Title: Journal of Agroecology - Year 2024, Vol 15, Issue 4
Abstract
Introduction Intensification of agriculture and increasing use of chemical pesticides can have significant environmental effects on other non-target organisms and various environments such as air, soil and water. Growing concerns about the negative effects of pesticides have resulted in some indicators that measure the environmental risk of each pesticide. One of these indicators is the Environmental Impact Quotient (EIQ), which has been used repeatedly to monitor environmental pesticides in a wide range of agricultural and horticultural fields. This study aims to investigate the environmental effects of pesticides used in wheat fields in Bandar-e-Turkeman County in the 2019-2020 year. Materials and Methods To implement the model, information about the name, amount of consumption, and times of application of pesticides used by farmers were collected in the form of questionnaires and face-to-face interviews with 59 farmers. The Environmental Impact Quotient (EIQ) of these pesticides was extracted from version 2021 of the Integrated Pest Management (IPM) site. The environmental effect of used pesticides in each wheat field was obtained from the sum of EIQ of pesticides in the consumption and dose of pesticides per hectare. The calculations of this model were done in Excel version 2013. Results and Discussion The result showed that the final EIQ score for all toxins had the highest impact on the ecological section. Imidacloprid (92.88), Carbendazim (86.00), Acetamiprid (71.95), Cyproconazole (67.00), and Deltamethrin (65.15) had the highest toxicity for the ecological section, respectively. Based on the results, carbendazim was introduced as the most dangerous and the insecticides Acetamiprid and Imidacloprid were the least dangerous toxins for the farm workers. Calculation of the environmental impact of pesticides per hectare showed a high numerical variation among surveyed fields. So ,the lowest index related to fields No. 25, 55, and 42 had about 6.31, 7.01, and 7.02 environmental impact, respectively. In these fields, no pesticides were used during the wheat growing period and only at the time of planting carboxin fungicide was used for seeds at the rate of 0.45 and 0.50 kg/ha. Fields No. 40, 10, 30, and 35 recorded with EIQ-FUR equal to 41.49, 33.20, 31.20, 30.85, and 30.67, respectively. In these fields, we have observed the highest environmental impact per hectare. In continuing, the distribution map of this index in studied fields was produced. The results showed that there is a different variety in terms of pesticide application in fields, therefore, target points can be determined to farmers for reducing pesticide application and fields with high environmental impact. Conclusion The numerical values of the three components of the EIQ index, including risk to farm workers, consumers, and ecology, can vary depending on location. The current values of this index do not consider differences in the technology of application or use of personal protective equipment. It can be concluded that the EIQ model requires changes in the direction of localization within the study areas, including the number of farm workers, specifying the type of tools and equipment used, and separating the type of developed or developing countries. In general, in these fields, the management of pests, and the identification and management of weed diversity can effectively control the amount of pesticide consumption and reducing environmental risks. Acknowledgments We would like to thank Gorgan University of Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources, wheat farmers, and agricultural Jihad management of Bandar-e-Turkeman county for their cooperation in conducting this research.
Authors and Affiliations
Maral Neyazmoradi,hossein kazemi,javid gherekhloo,Afshin Soltani,Behnam Kamkar,
Keywords
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- EP ID EP731354
- DOI DOI: 10.22067/agry.2022.76161.1106
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