Essential and Toxic Trace Elements in Achenae of the Cup Plant (Silphium perfoliatum L.), a Perennial, Alternative Energy and Honey Plant
Journal Title: International Journal of Research in Agricultural Sciences - Year 2018, Vol 5, Issue 1
Abstract
The introduction shows the broad forms of use and advantages of the perennial cup plant Silphium perfoliatum L., as a fodder, energy and honey crop, in soil protection and accumulation of organic materials. Furthermore, it provides animal shelter and contributes, especially, to the maintenance of insect biodiversity, primarily of hymenopterae. Main objectives of this study were determination of mineral and micronutrient contents as well as toxic elements in achenae (fruits) and seeds of various accessions of the cup plant. Mean values (MV), coefficients of variation (CV %) and of correlation (r) were calculated. Clear differences in element contents between achenae and seeds of the cup plant were mainly found with phosphorus, sulfur, calcium, molybdenum, nickel, and cobalt. More investigations are urgently needed regarding contents of calcium in achenae compared to seeds, aiming at its role in seed germination processes. Field plots destined for harvesting seeds (achenae) should dispose of a high soil pH level.Mean values for element contents in achenae are presented as follows:Macronutrients (%): Nitrogen N (4,74), phosphorus P (0,68), potassium K (1,18);Secondary Nutrients (%): Sulfur S (0,29), calcium Ca (0,49), magnesium Mg (0,36)Essential micronutrients (mg/kg) -Cations: Iron Fe (67), manganese Mn (16), zinc Zn (36), copper Cu (15); nickel Ni (2,1), cobalt Co (0,1), vanadium V (0,05), tungsten W (0,04) Anions: Boron B (16), molybdenum Mo (0,9), selenium Se (0,1)Toxic elements (mg/kg): Chromium Cr (0,8), lead Pb (0,1).Statistically highly significant / significant, and numerically extremely high coefficients of correlation were determined for the relationships between the following elements: Mg x Pb (r=0,99); Ni x V (r=0,99) / N x Mn (+0,96); N x Se (0,98); K x Cr (0,97); and Fe x W (0,99).A negative relevant correlation found for phosphorus x cobalt (r=-0,95) appears remarkable once about 96% of the problems observed with trace elements in biogas plants are caused by cobalt deficits.
Authors and Affiliations
W. Froelich, et al.
Keywords
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