Evaluation of Breast Cancer in Reference to Skin Changes
Journal Title: Journal of Medical and Dental Science Research (Quest Journals JMDSR) - Year 2017, Vol 4, Issue 5
Abstract
Introduction:- Breast cancer is the most commonly occurring female cancer in the world which is more than double that of the second ranked cancer i.e. cervical cancer. Breast cancer accounts for 23% of all cancer deaths. It is the most frequent cancer death in developing countries of the world. Mammary skin changed in breast carcinoma is categorized as advance stage in breast cancer classification. In the present study we evaluated the correlation of macroscopic, microscopic and no skin changes with axillary lymph node using histologic factor dermal lymphatic involvement. Materials and methods: prospective study was conducted on 42 breast cancer admitted patients of different age groups. Based on degree of skin involvement patients were placed into four groups, i.e. clinical stageT1 toT4. All groups were compared on the basis of percentage of patients involvement according to T1, T2, T3 and T4 stage, tumor size, histopathological dermis and epidermis involvement, dermal lymphatic invasion, tumor size and tumor subtype. Results: Majority of the patients with skin (dermis and epidermis) infiltration by the tumor (94.4%) were of T4 stage (along with dermal lymphatic invasion). Majority of the patients with only dermal lymphatic involvement (87.5%) without dermis and epidermis infiltration were of T2 stage. Conclusion: In our study, most of the patients of stage T2 and T3 with dermal lymphatic invasion had involved node when studied by routine histologic technique even though they were not clinically palpable. The identification of characteristics of the primary tumor like dermal lymphatic invasion that are associated with nodal metastases should encourage the surgeon to perform a more extensive axillary lymph node dissection and the pathologist to use methods of examining the nodes that increase the likelihood of finding metastatic disease. From this we can conclude that patients in early stage breast cancer may also have metastatic axillary lymph nodes. Dermal lymphatic invasion may be regarded as the precursor of nodal involvement, and all patients with nodal involvement can be assumed to have lymphatic invasion in the primary tumors. However the converse may not be true, not all patients with lymphatic invasion have nodal involvement.
Authors and Affiliations
Dr. Mritunjay Sarawgi
Keywords
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