Expression of COX-2 in Normal Oral Mucosa, Oral Submucous Fibrosis and Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma- An Immunohistochemical Study.
Journal Title: International Journal of Medical Science and Innovative Research (IJMSIR) - Year 2018, Vol 3, Issue 5
Abstract
Background:Oral Cancer is a major public health issue all around the world. Over 200,000 cases of head and neck cancer occur each year in India. Nearly 80,000 oral cancers are diagnosed every year in our country. Establishment of an early and reliable biomarker for oral carcinogenesis wherein the progress of the lesion can be monitored through non-invasive technique will enable early diagnosis of cancer. In recent years, over-expression of Cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) has been reported in various cancers including oral squamous cell carcinoma. They play an important role in initiation and progression of Carcinomas of various organs. Although many studies have shown over-expression of COX -2 in oral malignant lesions, only few researchers have compared COX-2 in normal mucosa, pre-malignant conditions and oral squamous cell carcinoma. Aim & Objective: To compare the expression of COX-2 in normal mucosa, Oral Submucous Fibrosis and Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma through immunohistochemical staining technique. Material & Method: The present study comprised of three groups: Group I: Twenty normal oral mucosa; Group II: Twenty established cases of Oral Submucous Fibrosis and Group III: Twenty established cases of Oral squamous cell carcinoma. The COX-2 expression were studied on formalin fixed and paraffin embedded tissue section by the standard immunohistochemical techniques, using immunohistochemical detection system and as per the protocols laid down by manufacturer. (Biogenex Life Sciences Private Limited, CA, USA). Statistical Analysis Used:The expression of COX-2 was evaluated between the three groups and within the degree of differentiation of the tumors. Statistical analysis was done using Kruskal Wallis Test and correlation was assessed using Spearman’s Rank correlation test. Result: A statistical significant (p= 0.00) and a positive correlation was found in the COX-2 expression between the three groups. COX-2 expression within the degree of differentiation of oral squamous cell carcinoma was found to be statistically non-significant and a negative correlation was found within the three grades of tumor. Conclusion: These finding implicates that COX-2 plays a role in carcinogenesis and tumor transformation and progression. Further studies with larger sample size are needed for COX-2 to be a reliable diagnostic biomarker in cases of oral precancer and oral cancer.
Authors and Affiliations
Dr. Shruti Singh
Keywords
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