Extent of Irrigation and Environmental Degradation in Punjab
Journal Title: IOSR Journal of Humanities and Social Science - Year 2019, Vol 24, Issue 1
Abstract
Irrigated agriculture is the leading human use of water. About 70 per cent of water drawn from rivers, lakes and ground water aquifers is used in agriculture. While irrigation is an ancient practice thought to have originated in Mesopotamia 6000 years ago, the amount of agricultural land under million hectares in 1900. By 1998 more than 271 million hectares were irrigated, with much of the increased occurring after 1960. Much of the agricultural productivity, although constituting about 17 per cent of all crop land produces approximately 40 per cent of the world food. Thus surface flows and drainage from irrigated agricultural lands carry salts, fertilizers, pesticides and other pollutants into surface water, causing harm to fish and wildlife and impairing water for human uses (Lutz Ernst, 1998). Therefore greater the percentage of irrigation water applied to high yielding varieties of seeds, compared with indigenous seeds, the less amount of water and lower risk of adverse environmental effects. It is necessary to clearly define the hierarchy of the technical efficiency of different irrigation systems. It is also important to take into account the share of irrigated area to the total agricultural area, the larger the potential of irrigation, greater the environmental impacts. The major environmental problems due to extent of irrigation are water logging, salinity, water pollution, ground water depletion, soil degradation, air pollution, noise pollution etc.
Authors and Affiliations
Dr. Pooja Rana
Keywords
Related Articles
- EP ID EP442077
- DOI 10.9790/0837-2401041923.
- Views 40
- Downloads 0
A Social-Cultural Theoretical Basis of Inter-disciplinary Teaching for English Majors in China
An inter-disciplinary teaching approach is on the rise in China. The basic rationality is that only by this approach can the students be versatile and be better prepared to meet the needs of the market. But the theoretic...
Effectiveness of Forest Allocation Policies for Local People in Forest Management: Case Study Research in Ethnic Minority Communities in Dak Doa District - Gia Lai Province - Viet Nam
Forest resource is one of the components of the environment and plays very important role in our life. Viet Nam country has population of more than 94 millions of people and quite large of forest area, about 36% of total...
DisaggregatedComparative study: Swaziland Junior Certificate 2014 and 2015 history examinations
This study examinesstudents’ performance in the 2014 and 2015 Junior examination through a disaggregated data lens. Students’ exam scoreswere analysed per exam item, schools and region. This were the questions: what was...
Language Use and Language Attitudes among Algerian Students
The present study aims at understanding Algerian first year students‟ language use and their attitudes towards the languages/varieties at play in Tlemcen University: Modern Standard Arabic (MSA) and Algerian Arabic (AA),...
Protection of Migrant Domestic Workers: How far Ensured
From primitive society workers had no dignity. Among them domestic workers were in a crucial position. Even in this 21st century of science & technology, their position became worse, let alone to improve their position....