FEATURES OF ESTABLISHMENT AND ACTIVITY OF INTERGOVERNMENTAL TRADE UNIONS AND ORGANIZATIONS
Journal Title: Право та інноваційне суспільство - Year 2016, Vol 7, Issue 2
Abstract
Problem setting. Intergovernmental trade unions and organizations play an important role in the world economy formation. Intergovernmental trade unions and organizations are established to regulate trade relations, realization of the international economic relations on the basis of justice. The article is aimed at research of the establishment and functioning of the intergovernmental trade unions and organizations and the main related issues. Article’s main body. One of the main targets after the end of the II World War was supplying of the open markets and non-discrimination in the world trade. The institutional objectification was laid down on the system created by the The General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade (GATT). The rapid development of world trade relations in the second half of the XX century, the increasing activity of different countries in the exchange of goods and services had led to need of etstablishment of the unified trade rules. A significant increase of the GATT participating countries, new issues on the agenda of the world trade led to establishment of the World Trade Organization (WTO) on the basis of the GATT in January 1995. Member states of the WTO give the most-favored-nation treatment to the countries. Hereby, any changes in the trade barriers between the WTO member states can be done only after negotiations. None of the WTO members has the right to reduce the customs tariff for some countries and leave it unchanged for the others. In order to bring the free trade principles to life the UNCTAD (The United Nations Conference on Trade and Development ) which contains 170 member states as well as UNECE (The United Nations Economic Commission for Europe) with 35 member states were established. The principles for multilateral economic cooperation as well as principles to regulate trade relations in particular areas – agreements that provide the developing countries with customs privileges, agreements to limit the abuse of monopolies in trade, and others – were drafted by the UNCTAD. Conclusions and outlook. The main issues of the effective execution of their functions by the intergovernmental trade unions and organizations are huge external debts of the members, high level of inflation, “closed” character of economy, economic development gap between the member states. The process of the formation of economic organizations in the ASEAN has significantly fallen behind the development in Europe and America, though it’s turning into a big capital importer. African states are extremely poor with low economic activity and industry level, that’s why there has been no basis for their cooperation and establishment of the free trade area yet.
Authors and Affiliations
І. М. Tovkun
Keywords
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