Fermentation of Biomass for Production of Ethanol: A Review
Journal Title: Universal Journal of Environmental Research and Technology - Year 2013, Vol 3, Issue 1
Abstract
The Present world energy scenario is focused at nonconventional sources. The biomass has emerged as one of the dependable nontraditional feed stocks for the production ethanol. The present review enlighten various feed stocks viz. sugar beets, sugar cane corn, wheat, barley etc. and fermentation methods for the production of ethanol. The use of biomass for clean energy generation in the European Union is expected to increase nearly 35% by the end of 2030 without harming biodiversity, soil and water resources. Ethanol can be produced from appreciable amount of sugar or material that can be converted into sugar such as starch or cellulose. Industrial ethanol producing microorganisms which are capable of fermenting all of the sugar present in feed stock; attracted much attention in recent years with the recent advances in biotechnology. Saccharomyces cerevisiae (yeast) is naturally unable to ferment pentose; its capability for xylose utilization has successfully been improved by intensive research over the last decades. During the last fifteen years, research has been focused on finding these xylose-fermenting microorganisms. S. cerevisiae has an efficient anaerobic sugar metabolism, tolerates inhibitory industrial substrates better than other microorganisms and ferments hexoses abundantly present in lignocellulosic hydro lysates with high yield and productivity. Attempts have also been made to review the status of fermentation of forest, industrial residue, agriculture waste and municipal solid waste. The present efforts are expected to enhance world energy scenario and life on the planet.
Authors and Affiliations
Zuber Khan and Anjani K. Dwivedi
Keywords
Related Articles
- EP ID EP31787
- DOI -
- Views 295
- Downloads 0
A Comparative Study of Environmental Awareness among Secondary School Teachers in Bareilly District U.P. India
The present study is an attempt to examine the environmental awareness of secondary school teachers in relation to sex, type of board and courses of studies. For this purpose, 1000 teachers (600 female and 400 male) we...
Potential of Treated Dairy Waste Water for the Cultivation of Algae and Waste Water Treatment by Algae
Algae (singular Algae) is a term that encompasses many different groups of living organism. Algae capture light energy through photosynthesis and convert inorganic substances into simple sugar. Algae made up of eukaryo...
A Short Review on Energy Conservation in Buildings Using Roof Coating Materials for Hot and Dry Climates
Hot and dry climatic regions are known by very high solar radiation levels, high ambient temperatures and relatively low specific humidity. The roof surface of the building is always exposed to Sun directly for the lon...
A Critical Analytical Study on Certain Popular Indian Detergent Powders with Respect to the Related BIS Specifications and Their Environmental Impact
A ‘consumer-point’ critical analytical study was conducted on the quality of some of the popular detergent powders sold in India with respect to their active matter, water-insoluble mineral matter, total alkalinity, and...
Water Quality Study of Ontamiri River in Owerri, Nigeria
Water quality levels of Otamiri river was studied to seek explanations for the variations of water quality indicators in the river and also tried to evaluate the influence of urban land use activities and season on the...