FISCAL POLICY FOR GROWTH AND EMPLOYMENT GENERATION IN PAKISTAN
Journal Title: Academic Research International - Year 2013, Vol 4, Issue 6
Abstract
This study examines the long run relationship between fiscal policy and unemployment for the country like Pakistan. The Johansen co-integration approach has been used to inspect the relationship between the fiscal variables and unemployment. The yearly data has been used from the period 1980 to 2010. The results of co-integration have indicated the long-run association between the fiscal variables and unemployment. Government expenditures and inflation both has shown positive relationship with unemployment. Whereas foreign direct investment, growth rate and tax revenue have shown negative relationship with unemployment. The Vector Error Correction Model (VECM) shows the disequilibrium factor and these disequilibrium variables will come towards equilibrium after the time period of six years. Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) has shown negative relationship with unemployment. This indicates that FDI is an effective tool against unemployment. There is need to create sound and fearless environment for the foreign investors, so that they invest in different business and projects. Due to their investment employment opportunities should be created in the country and unemployment will decrease.
Authors and Affiliations
Hamid Mahmood, Samia Khalid
Keywords
Related Articles
- EP ID EP94416
- DOI -
- Views 141
- Downloads 0
An Empirical Review of the Integration of Information Communication Technology (ICT) Into the Pedagogy of Early Childhood Education in Jos, Plateau State, Nigeria
This paper examined the integration of Information Communication Technology into pedagogy of early childhood education in Jos – Plateau State Nigeria. The main purpose of the paper is to examine to what extent Informatio...
INFLUENCE OF MANAGERIAL SKILLS OF MIDDLE-LEVEL MANAGERS ON ORGANIZATIONAL EFFECTIVENESS, IN NIGERIAN COLLEGES OF EDUCATION
This paper investigated the influence of the managerial skills of middle-level managers on organizational effectiveness in Colleges of Education in South Western Nigeria. This was prompted by the observation of the r...
CAREFUL VERSUS EXPEDITIOUS READING: THE CASE OF THE IELTS READING TEST
There has been growing concerns over the validity in the testing of reading. This issue is of utmost importance as valid test instruments with proper administration will produce results which reflect students’ true r...
INCREASING FLAME RETARDANCY FOR POLYETHYLENE RESIN REINFORCED BY HYBRID FIBERS BY USING SURFACE COATING LAYER FROM ZINC BORATE - ANTIMONY TRIOXIDE
zinc borate and antimony trioxide was used as a surface coating layer of (5mm) thickness with weight percentage (50%:50%) for each other to increase the flame retardancy for polyethylene resin (GT 8010) reinforced by B...
The Relationship among Critical Thinking, Self Efficacy, and Iranian EFL Learners’ Reading Comprehension Ability with Different Proficiency Levels
The present study aimed at investigating the relationship among critical thinking, self efficacy, and Iranian EFL learners’ reading comprehension ability with different proficiency levels. To do so, 300 students majoring...