FOLIAR EPIDERMAL MICROSCOPY, PRELIMINARY PHYTOCHEMICAL SCREENING AND ANTI-MICROBIAL ANALYSIS OF THE LEAVES AND STEM BARK OF ARTHOCARPUS HETEROPHYLLUS LAM. (FAMILY: MORACEAE) GROWN IN NIGERIA
Journal Title: European Journal of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences - Year 2019, Vol 6, Issue 3
Abstract
The Foliar Epidermal Microscopy, Preliminary Phytochemical screening and Anti-microbial screening of the leaves and stem bark of Arthocarpus heterophyllus Lam. were carried out using standard methods. The leaf epidermal microscopy revealed numerous anomocytic stomata type on the lower epidermis while the upper layer had no stomata. The cell walls on the upper surface were wavier than on the lower surface and those of the lower surface had knobs. Trichomes were not observed on lower surface but had trichome base on the upper surface. The preliminary phytochemical screening on the leaf and stem bark revealed the presence of flavonoids, saponins, alkaloids, steroids, terpenes and anthraquinones and absence of tannins and phlobatanins in the leaves but present in small quantity in the stem bark. Antimicrobial screening carried out on 2.0mg/ml of the 70% methanol extract of the leaves and stem bark by cold maceration at room temperature (25 -30oC) for 24hrs were screened against standard strains of Salmonella paratyphi (ATCC 69150), Candida albicans (ATCC 22015) and clinical isolates of Pseudomonas aeroginosa, Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, Bacillus subtilis and Klebsiella pneumoniae from NIPRD clinic using agar dilution method. At the concentration of 2.0mg/ml, the stem bark extract exhibited anti-microbial activity against Salmonella typhi (ATCC 69150), Pseudomonas aureginosa, Candida albicans (ATCC 22015) and Escherichia coli while the leaf extract had no activity against all the test micro-organisms. Amoxicillin, which was used as standard, inhibited the growth of all the test micro-organisms at the same concentration. The results from the study provide finger print for the identification and anti-microbial activities of the 70% methanol extracts of the leaves and stem bark of Arthocarpus heterophyllus.
Authors and Affiliations
Dr. Ugbabe G. E.
Keywords
Related Articles
- EP ID EP670553
- DOI -
- Views 139
- Downloads 0
ANALYSIS OF BACTERIAL SUSPENSIONS OF DIFFERENT CONCENTRATIONS AND SHAPES BY MEASURING ULTRASONIC VELOCITY
Our study is based on the ultrasound method of ultrasonic velocity to measure the turbidity of bacterial suspensions. Turbidity is measured by an ultrasound system, which determines the absorbance-related decrease in the...
COMPARISON BETWEEN HALOPERIDOL AND RISPERIDONE IN DEVELOPMENT OF METABOLIC SYNDROME IN INDIAN PATIENTS
Introduction: It is well known that anti-psychotics are associated with many side effects. One of the significant adverse drug reactions among these is weight gain and development of metabolic syndrome. In this study, we...
IS THE LEVEL OF VITAMIN D AN IMPORTANT FACTOR FOR THE PROGRESSION OF CLINICALLY ISOLATED SYNDROME INTO A DEFINITE MULTIPLE SCLEROSIS?
Clinically Isolated Syndrome (CIS) represent the first symptom manifestation that lasts longer than 24 hours and may be a feature of multiple sclerosis (MS). Will this first symptom manifestation progress into the defini...
PHARYNGEAL HEMORRHAGE: A CATASTROPHIC POST-OPERATIVE EVENT
Hematoma of pharyngeal muscles is an unknown and potentially fatal cause of airway obstruction. We report a case of a 71 year old woman who received a long lasting combined, carotid + CABG, operation and developed severe...
IMPLEMENTATION OF A NEW SOCIO-ECONOMIC MODEL OF INNOVATION MANAGEMENT FOR ARTISANAL, MICRO, SMALL AND MEDIUM COMPANIES IN THE PHARMACEUTICAL FIELD IN COSTA RICA
In 2014, the structure of a socioeconomic model of innovation strategies applied for artisanal, micro, small and medium companies (ARPYMMES in spanish), was published in the “V Congreso Universidad” developed in La Havan...