Formulation, Manufacture And Characterisation Of The Resistivity Proprety Of Carbon Brush Using Palm Kernel Shell (Pks) As Source Carbon.
Journal Title: IOSR Journal of Mechanical and Civil Engineering (IOSR-JMCE) - Year 2018, Vol 15, Issue 5
Abstract
The manufacture of carbon brush (CB), a critical motor and generator component has been in existence for over a century in which various materials like: copper metal, graphite, retort coke, petroleum coke and other amorphous carbon have been used in the production of CB. Most carbonaceous materials are good sources of amorphous carbon of which Palm Kernel Shell (PKS) is a typical example. This study is aimed at developing a formulation for the manufacture of CB using PKS as a source of carbon and characterization pf its resistivity property. Core components of CB were identified from the literature. Pilot study was conducted to identify material types and mix in CB using particle accelerator model 5SDH. Carbon being the major constituent was extracted from Palm Kernel Shell (PKS), coconut shell and coconut husk through pyrolysis using furnace at 500 °C. The carbon content was determined using particle accelerator model 5SDH. Carbonaceous material with highest carbon content was chosen and calcined at 1200 °C. The amorphous carbon was graphitized at 1.74 KN with a soaking temperature of 1000 °C for 5, 10, 15 and 24 hours, respectively. Copper, zinc, silica and the graphitized material were ground, sieved and mixed together with resin binder. Taguchi experimental design was used to determine the formulation. Samples of carbon brushes were produced. Hardness (H), Resistivity (R) and Bulk density (B) were used as responses and their values were determined and compared with sample of commercial brush. The carbon contents for PKS, coconut shell and coconut husk are 84.84%, 76.38% and 77.60%, respectively. PKS has the highest carbon content. The mean resistance of graphitized PKS and standard graphite are 3.60 and 2.40 µΩ, respectively. The optimal values of the factors at desirability value of 0.65 were: H= 65.59kgf, R= 4998.19Ωcm and B = 3.06kg/cm3 with corresponding percentage composition of 60.00% C, 30.00% Cu, 2.00% Zn, 2.50% S and 5.50% binder. It was observed that copper has the highest effect on the resistivity of carbon brush and the least is Carbon. The one factor graph of resistivity to carbon, copper, zinc and solid lubricant were plotted. It is concluded that, the manufacture of carbon brush with Palm kernel Shell as replacement raw material for graphite is achieved and the resistivity of the carbon brush is affected by all of the raw materials used in the manufacture.
Authors and Affiliations
Oyetunji O. R. , Olaoye O. S. , Oyawle F. A. , Anyaeche C. O.
Keywords
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