Functional modulation of plazmacytoid dendritic cells during viral infections
Journal Title: Advances in Hygiene and Experimental Medicine - Year 2018, Vol 72, Issue
Abstract
Plasmacytoid dendritic cells (pDCs), also known as interferon (IFN)-producing cells (IPCs), represent a unique cell population of innate immunity due to their ability to produce high amounts of type I IFNs in response to viral infections. The pDCs recognize viral nucleic acids via Toll-like receptor (TLR)7 and TLR9 localized in endosomal compartments. Type I IFNs, secreted by activated pDCs through the recognition of foreign nucleic acids, not only exhibit a direct antiviral activity but also activate NK cells, induce myeloid DC (mDC) maturation, promote T cell long-term survival and memory formation, polarization of Th1 cells, cytolytic activity of CD8+ T lymphocytes and IFN-γ production. Therefore, pDCs link innate and adaptive immunity to mount an effective antiviral immune response. The pDCs, which act as the main cells of innate immunity that produce type I IFNs, play an important role in controlling viral infections, including human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), simian immunodeficiency virus (SIV), lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus (LCMV), hepatitis C virus (HCV), hepatitis B virus (HBV), respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) and herpes simplex virus (HSV) infections. However, some of these viruses can infect and even replicate productively in pDCs, resulting in modulation and functional impairment of these cells. Thus, viruses evade host antiviral immune response to mediate a persistent infection.<br/><br/>
Authors and Affiliations
Lidia Szulc-Dąbrowska, Piotr Wojtyniak, Diana Papiernik, Justyna Struzik
Keywords
Related Articles
- EP ID EP345577
- DOI 10.5604/01.3001.0011.7522
- Views 145
- Downloads 0
Hemodializa bez heparyny
Hemodialysis is the most widely applied renal replacement therapy. Due to the fact that the hemocyte - dialyzer contact leads to the activation of the coagulation pathway, adequate anticoagulation to provide fluent blood...
The role of adipose tissue in the pathogenesis and clinical manifestation of Graves’ orbitopathy
Graves’ orbitopathy (GO) is a inflammatory disease of connective tissue with autoimmune background considered as extrathyroidal component of the Graves’ disease. Despite a progress in understanding of some elements of th...
Terapie biologiczne w toczniu rumieniowatym układowym
Podstawowym celem leczenia tocznia rumieniowatego układowego (TRU) jest zapobieganie trwałym uszkodzeniom narządowym oraz całkowite zahamowanie aktywności zapalnej choroby. Dostępne metody leczenia nie są w pełni skutec...
The role of interleukin 15 in neoplasia
Interleukin 15 is a pleiotropic cytokine of the four α helix bundle family. Binding to a heterotrimeric receptor complex, which consists of a unique, high affinity IL‑15Rα‑chain and IL-2/IL-15Rβ and IL‑2Rγ chains, IL‑15...
Krążące miRNA jako nieinwazyjne biomarkery diagnostyczne, prognostyczne oraz predykcyjne w terapii niedrobnokomórkwego raka płuca
Odkrycie nowej klasy cząsteczek, jakimi są krótkie, 22-24-nukleotydowe RNA, zapoczątkowało nowy rozdział badań nad regulacją ekspresji informacji genetycznej. Szczególnie dużą uwagę skupiono na zewnątrzkomórkowe, krążące...