Functional Peculiarities of Verb Forms in Factual and Counterfactual Complex Sentences with an Embedded Clause of Condition in Middle English.
Journal Title: Вісник Житомирського державного університету імені Івана Франка - Year 2016, Vol 84, Issue 2
Abstract
The research deals with distinctive features of predicate verb forms functioning in Middle English conditional sentences. A corpus of Middle English written records serves the material of the investigation and represents main Middle English territorial dialects covering four main subperiods in the development of Middle English. As the English Language of the XII– XV centuries is the period of drastic changes in the structure of the language, its transition from the language of synthetic to analytic typology, the indicative / subjunctive forms functioning criteria for differentiating factual / counterfactual condition proves not relevant. The article states that Middle English is characterized by the absence of unified means of marking condition. Indicative and subjunctive forms coexist within the same complex sentence with an embedded clause of condition. The factual condition is expressed with the help of indicative forms, the optative action is explicated by present subjunctive forms, the unreal action – with the help of past subjunctive forms. Within the period investigated there appear periphrastic constructions with modal verbs which are considered to be analytical means for expressing condition. The most productive modals that function in these constructions are sholde, wolde to explicate an unreal action and shall, may to express a real possibility of an action. The least spread analytical means for expressing the conditional relations are syntactic constructions with will and most. The transition from synthetic to analytic means of expressing the conditional relations al in all follows the pattern: V+e > M+e V > M V.
Authors and Affiliations
O. I. Khelil
Keywords
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