Genomics in Spine Health
Journal Title: Journal of Trauma and Orthopaedic Surgery - Year 2018, Vol 0, Issue 0
Abstract
In 1953, history was created by Nobel winning discovery of the structure of DNA monograph by Watson and Crick. Research around DNA and cell & molecular biology has changed the face of science and its impact on medicine. Cloning of “Dolly” from a somatic cell strengthened the belief that DNA has the power to create and sustain life. Since then, a lot of research work has been going on in the eld of medicine. Research carries a paramount importance, when it comes to application stage. Introduction of a ground-breaking technology, DNA Sequencing by Fred Sanger in 1977 was the one to bring about a paradigm shi and see the advent of a new era. Great advances have been made over the past few years and sequencing has now become a mainstream tool. Scaling to the Human Genome Project, and the emergence of second (massively parallel) and third (realtime, single-molecule) generation DNA sequencing has transformed biomedical research, and is beginning to transform clinical medicine through molecular genomics (1). Neoplastic conditions are a result of aberrant mutations in proto-oncogenes or tumor suppressor genes, which control cell signaling and act as checkpoints of various cellular and subcellular processes. ese gain/loss of function mutations induce uncontrolled growth of cells, converting them into a tumor. ese masses may be benign or malignant, of which benign tumor are slow growing, self-limiting and may take years to bring about any observable change. Malignant tumor or cancer spreads to the neighboring cells and may also invade distant tissues leading to metastasis. Spinal metastasis is one of the leading causes of morbidity in cancer patients. It causes pain, fracture, mechanical instability, or neurological decits such as paralysis and/or bowel and bladder dysfunction. Cord compression is normally seen as a pre-terminal event. Spinal metastasis (SM) typically affect the thoracic (60- 80%), lumbar (15-30%) and cervical spine (<10%) with the preferred route of metastasis to the spine being via the arterial or venous -Batson's venous plexus - vessels oen resulting in multifocal lesions (2)
Authors and Affiliations
Ketan Khurjekar, Aniket Ausekar, Jyotsna Jotshi
Keywords
Related Articles
- EP ID EP626382
- DOI 10.13107/jto.2018.v05i01.034
- Views 73
- Downloads 0
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