GLUTATHIONE: A master antioxidant helps to prevent damage to cell by reactive oxygen species
Journal Title: International Journal of Allied Medical Sciences and Clinical Research - Year 2018, Vol 6, Issue 3
Abstract
Glutathione (GSH) is an important antioxidant in plants, animals, fungi, and some bacteria and archaea. Glutathione is capable of preventing damage to important cellular components caused by reactive oxygen species such as free radicals, peroxides, lipid peroxides, and heavy metals. It is a tripeptide with a gamma peptide linkage between the carboxyl group of the glutamate side chainand the amine group of cysteine, and the carboxyl group of cysteine is attached by normal peptide linkage to a glycine. Thiol groups are reducing agents, existing at a concentration around 5 mM in animal cells. Glutathione reduces disulfide bonds formed within cytoplasmicproteins to cysteines by serving as an electron donor. In the process, glutathione is converted to its oxidized form, glutathione disulfide (GSSG), also called L-(–)-glutathione. Once oxidized, glutathione can be reduced back by glutathione reductase, using NADPH as an electron donor. The ratio of reduced glutathione to oxidized glutathione within cells is often used as a measure of cellular oxidative stress.
Authors and Affiliations
Sumit Agarwal
Keywords
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