Group A Streptococcal Pharyngotonsillitis
Journal Title: Biomedical Journal of Scientific & Technical Research (BJSTR) - Year 2018, Vol 10, Issue 3
Abstract
Group A streptococcus is the most frequently identified bacterium in children with acute pharyngotonsillitis [APT], although group B, C, F, and G have also been associated with APT. In Leao SC study higher APT incidence was observed in the female gender and tonsillar exudates was observed with group A and C predominant [1]. To assess the utility of clinical features for diagnosis of APT with GAS in pediatrics with throat cultures showed that clinical presentation should not be used to confirm APT because its performance as a diagnostic test is low. It also pointed out that coryza absence, conjunctivitisabsence, pharyngeal erythema, pharyngeal exudate, and tonsillar swelling were significantly associated with streptococcal pharyngotonsillitis. The highest clinical score, characterized by coryza absence, pharyngeal exudate, and pharyngeal erythema had a 45.6% sensitivity, a 74.5% specificity, and a likelihood ratio of 1.79 for streptococcal pharyngotonsillitis [2]. All guidelines agree that narrow-spectrum antibiotic is the first choice of antibiotic for the treatment of APT and penicillin and amoxicillin are the first choice antibiotics in the case of a child with the proven presence of GAS infection, however, the number of orally administered doses and 10 days of therapy considerably lower the compliance [3]. In opposite, the length of the treatment was the aspect found to be most deficient in lot of APT patients [4]. As mentioned above, some European guidelines only recommend antibiotic treatment in certain high-risk patients, while many other, including all American, still advise antimicrobial treatment for all children with GAS pharyngitis, given the severity and re-emerging incidence of complications. Moreover, the severity and the possibly increasing incidence of complications in school-aged children suggests that testing and treating proven GAS pharyngitis can still be beneficial [5]. Molecular analysis of GAS isolated from patients with APT showed macrolide resistance mediated by themef(A) gene and due to the high levels of macrolide resistance observed, GAS isolates from individuals with penicillin allergies need be isolated and their antimicrobial susceptibility tested, rather than automatically giving the patient a macrolide [6]. The inadequate penetration of penicillins into the tonsillar tissues and tonsillar surface fluid and microbiologic interactions between GAS and other pharyngotonsillar bacterial flora can account for their failure in eradicating GAS pharyngotonsillitis.
Authors and Affiliations
Chyi Sen Wu, Kong Sang Wan
Keywords
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- EP ID EP592302
- DOI 10.26717/BJSTR.2018.10.001941
- Views 202
- Downloads 0
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