Halitosis in gastroesophageal refluxdiseaseinchildren – preliminary report
Journal Title: Journal of Stomatology (Czasopismo Stomatologiczne) - Year 2010, Vol 63, Issue 5
Abstract
Introduction: In most cases, the occurrence of halitosis is strictly connected with the production of volatile sulphur compounds (VSC) by anaerobic bacterial florainthemouth.Halitosis,however,mayalso be caused by a systemic disorder.Aim of the study: To evaluate the relationship between gastroesophageal refluxdiseaseandanunpleasant odour from the children’s mouth.Material and methods: A total of 53 children with diagnosed gastroesophageal refluxdiseasewereexamined. Organoleptic assessment of the oral cavity was performed, and all subjects were asked to fillinaquestionnaireconcerningself-perceptionof halitosis, oral hygiene practices and frequency of dental check-up appointments. Volatile sulphur compounds (VSC) levels were measured in the exhaled air by halimeter in 36 children.Results: Organoleptic scoring of mouth breath confirmed malodour in 29 children.VSC levels measured by halimeter were on physiological levels in 33 subjects, with only 3 scores higher than 75 ppm. As many as 25 subjects reported that they were aware of the malodour problem.Conclusions: The majority of GERD patients complained of unpleasant smell from the mouth, which was in turn confirmed by organoleptic scoring. The association between gastroesophageal reflux disease and halitosis is quite probable.
Authors and Affiliations
Magdalena Gońda-Domin, Krystyna Lisiecka, Aldona Łuszczyńska, Małgorzata Mokrzycka, Jadwiga Szymanowicz
Keywords
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