Hepatitis B virus infection and infectivity status among pregnant women in Nigeria
Journal Title: Hong Kong Journal of Obstetrics and Gynaecology - Year 2018, Vol 1, Issue 1
Abstract
Objectives: To determine the seroprevalence of hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) and the infectivity status (HBeAg) among pregnant women. Methods: A cross sectional study carried out among pregnant women attending antenatal clinic or delivering at Federal Medical Center, Umuahia, Nigeria was done by simple random sampling using a computer generated table of random numbers. HBsAg screening was done using an immunochromatographic test kit. The main outcome measure was detection of hepatitis B virus (HBV) carrier and infectivity statuses by detecting the presence of HBsAg and HBeAg respectively in the sera. Statistical analysis was done using Epi Info 2008 version 3.5.1 and statistical significance was set at p<0.05 providing 95% confidence interval. Result: A total of 300 pregnant women were recruited into the study. Of these, 5 tested positive to HBsAg, giving a seroprevalence of 1.7%. None of the five HBsAg positive pregnant women tested positive to HBeAg. The HBV/HIV co-infection rate was 0.7%. Although 40% of HBsAg positive women were in the upper socio-economic class, no bio-social characteristic was found to be associated with hepatitis B serostatus. Forty percent of the HBsAg positive pregnant women were nulliparous. Of the expected risk factors, only a previous history of contact with one with jaundice was statistically significant (p=0.003, d=1). Conclusion: The prevalence of the hepatitis B virus among the pregnant women in the study area is 1.7% and transmission is likely horizontal. Strengthening of universal infant immunization with emphasis on joint-immuno prophylaxis of infants born to HBVcarrying mothers should be implemented.
Authors and Affiliations
Nnabuike Okechukwu Ojiegbe, George Uchenna Eleje, Enyinnaya Chikwendu Nduka, Emmanuel Ikechukwu Okaforcha, Anthony Osita Igwegbe
Keywords
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