High Prevalence of Isolated Hepatitis B Core Antibody among Adults in Oyo State, Nigeria: The Need for Review of Diagnostic and Vaccination Guidelines
Journal Title: International Journal of TROPICAL DISEASE & Health - Year 2016, Vol 13, Issue 1
Abstract
Background: Ten years of neonatal immunization with hepatitis B vaccine has not had any significant effect on the prevalence of the disease in Nigeria. Aim: To investigate hepatitis B virus (HBV) markers as potential risk factors for viral transmission. Study Design: A pilot prevalence study. Place and Duration of Study: Community centers in Ibadan and Ogbomosho, between July 2014 and September 2014. Methodology: One hundred and ninety-two apparently healthy volunteers (61 men, 131 women: age range 11-88 years) were investigated for HBV serological/immunological markers using enzyme linked immunoassays with 99 - 99.7% and 98.4 - 100% for specificity and sensitivity respectively (Diagnostic Automation/Cortez Diagnostics, Inc., Calabasas, CA, USA). Also data were processed with the statistical package for the social sciences version 20.0 (SPSS Inc., USA). Results: A prevalence of 22.9%, 14.6%, 19.3%, 90%, 53.6%, 6.8% and 22.9% was obtained for HBsAg, HBsAb, HBcAb-IgM, HBcAb-Total, isolated HBcAb, HBeAg, and HBeAb, respectively. Analysis of the lifetime exposure of 90% among participants showed that 44 and 103 have markers for present (HBsAg) and past (isolated HBcAb) infections respectively, while 26 recovered with evidence of surface antigen neutralizing antibodies (HBsAb) in their serum. Seropositivity for HBsAg was highest among males and the 21-30 years old, while the female gender and persons aged between 30 and 40 years accounted for the largest percentage of isolated HBcAb carriers. Although history of exposure to risk factors like scarification, tattooing, injection from quacks, surgery, blood transfusion, sharing of sharp instrument/tools and injection drug use was common among participants, only 15.6% took hepatitis B immunization. On the overall, the risk of HBV infection was significantly associated with scarification and sharing of sharp instruments and tools. Conclusion: The study highlights potential risk associated with the current diagnostic guideline for hepatitis B status and advocates the need for immunization among susceptible unvaccinated population.
Authors and Affiliations
Olufunmilayo Gbonjubola Oyero, Ewean Chukwuma Omoruyi
Keywords
Related Articles
- EP ID EP328906
- DOI 10.9734/IJTDH/2016/21523
- Views 71
- Downloads 0
P53 Codon 72 Polymorphism and the Risk of Cervical Cancer in Zimbabwean Women
Aims: To investigate the prevalence of p53 codon 72 polymorphism in Zimbabwean women and risk of cervical cancer Study Design: Case-control study Place and Duration of Study: Parirenyatwa Referral Hospital in Harare in b...
Comparative Efficacy of Amantadine Hydrochloride versus Amantadine Sulphate in Treating Egyptian Patients with Chronic HCV
Background: Pegylated interferon (peg-IFN) alpha in combination with weight-based doses of ribavirin is currently recommended as a standard-of-care treatment for chronic hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection. However, the lo...
Prevalence of Vulvovaginitis in Sexually Active Women from Riverside Communities in Brazilian Amazonia
Aims: Analyze the prevalence of vulvovaginitis in sexually active adult women, residents of riverside communities in Brazilian Amazonia, receiving health services through the “Luz na Amazônia” program in 2013 and 2014. S...
Association of Enterococcus faecalis with Different Forms of Dental Diseases among Patients Visiting a Tertiary Hospital in Ekiti State, Nigeria
Aims: The implication of Enterococcus faecalis in dental infections is rising and resistance to common antibiotics continues to rise globally as well. In this study, the association of E. faecalis with different forms of...
Biocidal activities of Solvent Extracts of Azadirachta indica against Some Endemic Tropical Vector-borne Diseases
The biocidal efficacy of Chloroform (CEX), n-Hexane (HEX), Acetone (AEX) and Ethanol (EEX) extracts, of the bark and root of Azadirachta indica (Neem), were investigated against Anopheles gambiae and Bulinus globosus in...