HPV Risk Factors and Prevention Behaviours: A Review
Journal Title: Journal of Clinical and Diagnostic Research - Year 2018, Vol 12, Issue 12
Abstract
ABSTRACT Introduction: Human Papillomavirus (HPV) is one of the most commonly diagnosed Sexually Transmitted Infections (STIs) that is responsible for the majority of Cervical Cancer (CC) cases. Aim: The present study aimed to review HPV risk factors and prevention behaviours. Materials and Methods: In this study, articles indexed in databases, such as PubMed, Scopus, EMBASE, and Google Scholar were reviewed. In total, 29 papers on the risk factors and the associated prevention methods in this area were evaluated. Results: Risk factors and prevention of HPV infection were classified into three domains: individual, behavioural, and psychosocial. There were differences with regard to age, race, marriage and the number of pregnancies, in the individual domain. In the behavioural domain, conflicting evidence was found on oral contraceptives and the use of condom. In the psychosocial domain, the main risk factors for HPV include: believing in fatalities of the cancer, the shame of the disease, and fear of vaginal examination. Meanwhile, the fear of developing HPV led to the prevention of high risk behaviours. Conclusion: Given the limited research on risk factors or HPV prevention in Iran and the contradictions observed in the results of studies, there is a need for further investigations to obtain basic information on risk factors and prevention. In this regard, widespread health education is a necessity for raising the awareness of individuals about HPV infection prevention.
Atherogenic Index of Plasma an Indicator for Predicting Cardiovascular Risk in Addition to Endothelial Dysfunction in Type 2 Diabetic Subjects
ABSTRACT Introduction: Prevalence of Cardiovascular Disease (CVD) in diabetic subjects is higher than that in the general population. Dyslipidaemia is a known atherogenic factor which causes vascular complications in bot...
Expression of Alpha - Methylacyl - Coenzyme A Racemase (AMACR) in Colorectal Neoplasia
Introduction: Red meat and dairy products have been implicated in colonic cancers. They are rich in branched chain fatty acids which require an enzyme Alpha-Methylacyl-Coenzyme A Racemase (AMACR) for their oxidation. Inc...
Elevation of Oxidative Stress and Decline in Endogenous Antioxidant Defense in Elderly Individuals with Hypertension
Introduction: Hypertension is becoming an important medical and public health problem all over the world and is the most common disorder of ageing. There is a growing evidence of involvement of vascular oxidative stress...
Lipofibromatous Hamartoma of Median Nerve with Classical Radiological Features
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Intra-operative Diagnosis of Breast Lesions by Imprint Cytology and Frozen Section with Histopathological Correlation
Introduction: The most common malignant tumour among women is breast carcinoma. Early lesions of the breast including carcinoma are potentially curable if treated properly in the era of breast conservative therapy. For t...