HPV Vaccination: Prevention of Cervical Cancer in Serbia and in Europe - - - Vakcinacija protiv humanog papiloma virusa: prevencija kancera cerviksa u Srbiji i Evropi
Journal Title: Acta Facultatis Medicae Naissensis - Year 2018, Vol 35, Issue 1
Abstract
The identification of the high-risk human papilloma viruses (HPVs) as a cause of cervical cancer offered the possibility for the development of a HPV vaccine. Twenty years after this identification of the HPV types, the first HPV vaccine came to the market. There are three HPV vaccines today on the market, all containing the virus-like particles (VLPs) of the HPV types 16 and 18, which are considered to cause 77 % of all cancers caused by HPVs. In addition, two of the vaccines contain two low-risk HPV types (6 and 11)-quadrivalent or the same as low-risk types and additional high-risk HPV types (31, 32, 45, 52, 58)-nonavalent vaccines. The cervical cancer protection efficacy of the vaccines is very high, around 100%. The VLPs of the 6- and 11-type offer efficient protection against genital warts. Unfortunately, the implementation of the vaccination is actually not so high despite all scientific and medical facts, but their rates in Europe are steadily increasing reaching about 90% in one country after another. In Serbia, all of the three vaccines are on the market but are highly underused. Actually, there is no national program and the Serbian vaccination rates are very low. High vaccination rates in Serbia need to be achieved as a goal of prevention of cervical cancer. - - - Identifikacija visokorizičnih humanih papiloma virusa (HPVs) kao uzročnika kancera cerviksa omogućila je za razvoj vakcine protiv humanog papiloma virusa. Na tržištu se pojavila prva vakcina protiv ovog virusa dvadeset godina nakon identifikacije HPV tipova. Danas su na tržištu prisutne tri vakcine protiv humanog papiloma virusa i sve sadrže virusu slične partikule (VLPs-eng.) HPV tipova 16 i 18, za koje se smatra da uzrokuju 77% svih kancera uzrokovanih HPV virusima. U prilog tome, dve vakcine sadrže dva tipa HPV niskog rizika (6 i 11)-kvadrivalentna ili iste tipove niskog rizika i dodatno HPV tip visokog rizika (31, 32, 45, 52, 58)-devetovalentne vakcine. Efikasnost zaštite ovom vakcinom od kancera cerviksa je veoma visoka, oko 100%. Virusu slične partikule HPV tipova 6 i 11 pružaju efikasnu zaštitu od genitalnih bradavica. Nažalost, primena ovih vakcina još uvek nije visoka, uprkos svim naučnim i medicinskim činjenicama. Međutim, u evropskim zemljama stopa primene dostiže 90%. U Srbiji su na tržištu prisutne sve tri vakcine, ali se nedovoljno primenjuju. U Srbiji ne postoji nacionalni program i stopa vakcinacije je veoma niska. Trebalo bi postići visoke stope vakcinacije u Srbiji kako bi se postigla prevencija kanera cerviksa.
Authors and Affiliations
Holger Stark, Aleksandra Živković
Keywords
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- EP ID EP349034
- DOI 10.2478/afmnai-2018-0001
- Views 108
- Downloads 0
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