Hyaline Cartilage Regeneration on Osteochondral defects by Intraarticular Injection of Human Peripheral Blood CD34+ Cells, Hyaluronic Acid and Growth Factor in a Rat Model
Journal Title: Biomedical Journal of Scientific & Technical Research (BJSTR) - Year 2018, Vol 7, Issue 1
Abstract
The knee joint cartilage often suffers from defect and it causes serious health problem. CD34+ stem cells have been studied to heal bone fracture however the cells has never been studied to repair cartilage. This study also focuses on the use of scaffold and growth factor affecting the healing of cartilage defect using CD34+ cells. This is the first study reporting hyaline cartilage regeneration on osteochondral defect with intra articular injection of human peripheral blood CD34+ (HPB CD34+) cellated on the trochlear region of Sprague Dawley (SD) rats. A total of 30 male SD rats were randomly divided into 3 groups; the control group received PBS, experimental group 1 received HPB CD34+ cells, and experimental group 2 received HPB CD34+cells, hyaluronic acid, and growth factors (TGF-ß1, IGF-1, FGF, fibronectin). Laboratory, radiology, macroscopic and microscopic evaluations were done on week 4th and 8th. At week 4th and 8th, both experimental groups showed the defects fully filled with hyaline cartilage but not in control group. In conclusion, human peripheral blood CD34+ stem cells can generates hyaline cartilage of osteochondral defects in a rat model. Knee joint cartilage often suffers defects which cause pain, swelling, functional disturbances and disability, constituting a serious public health problem [1-3]. Damage is caused by aging, trauma, or other factors affecting cartilage. That process starts with subchondral pressure, deterioration of the cartilage surface, breakdown of cartilage layers and finally osteochondral defects on trochlear region of the knee joint [4-6]. Based on morphology and regeneration process, cartilage defects can be classified into superficial and deep defects. Superficial defects do not reach subchondral bone, and deep defects are those with tearing into the subchondral region [7,8]. Cartilage defects will trigger regeneration, but the result is not hyaline cartilage. In detail, defects will cause chondrocyte cells to proliferate, regenerate cartilage matrix and produced fibrous cartilage tissue [7]. Knee joint cartilage does not have blood vessels and therefore lacks the ability to regenerate [9-11]. Until recently, treatments of knee joint cartilage defect have not involved the production of hyaline cartilage [3,12,13]. Tissue engineering is promising for hyaline cartilage formation [4,14]. Chondrocytes are no longer used since they required a difficult and sophisticated technique and resulted in scar tissue [2,3,15,16]. So, we use tissue stem cells, which can be found in various tissues and organs, such as mesenchymal stem cells and hematopoietic stem cells [17,18]. Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) were first considered as a potential source but their application was limited by sample collection and cell characteristics [5,19]. The collection causes pain, morbidity, infection, and sepsis; in addition, the cell characteristics are affected by age. MSCs has to be cultured in advanced, before applied in therapy [11,20]. Alternatively, hematopoietic stem cells were easy to collect with minimal complications, provide high yield, and readily used in therapy regim [21]. Hematopoietic stem cells are progenitor cells which can be isolated from bone marrow and blood with either a direct or mobilization technique [21,22]. These stem cells are pluripotent and plastic, and can form non-hematopoietic cells such as fibroblast like cells, endothelial cells and osteoblast cells [23,24,25]. Hematopoietic stem cells can move into and regenerate damaged tissues [26].
Authors and Affiliations
Basuki Supartono, Errol Hutagalung, Ismail Cem, Arief Boediono, Toshiro Shirakawa, Samsuridjal Djauzi, Ahmad Aulia Yusuf, Nuryati C Siregar, Jacub Pandelaki, Adang Bachtiar, Katsumi Shigemura
Keywords
Related Articles
- EP ID EP592676
- DOI 10.26717/BJSTR.2018.07.001436
- Views 179
- Downloads 0
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