Hydrochemical characterization of Katana thermals waters, Lake Kivu watershed
Journal Title: Scholars Journal of Engineering and Technology - Year 2015, Vol 3, Issue 1
Abstract
Thermal water springs are considered to be important natural sources. Studies was done in the region concerning the geology, geophysics, hydrochemistry but no was concentrated on the hydro-chemical characteristics of thermal water in Katana region. A large number of chemical analysis of Katana thermal spring waters were evaluated in order to identify the major chemical characteristics and investigate the origin of thermal waters. This could demonstrate the hydrochemical homogeneity or diversity at the scale of the region and the possibilities of deep the same flows waters. Water sample was collected from the different thermal springs of Katana region for 3 years (July 2006, July 2008 and July 2010) and analyzed for temperature and pH in situ, Total Suspended Sediment, Alkalinity, Total hardness, Calcium hardness, magnesium hardness, bicarbonate, sulfate, chloride, Total phosphorus, total nitrogen, ammonia and nitrate. Piper Diagram, in which major cations and major anions was plotted on ternary diagrams in order to illustrate which cations and anions dominate. The physic-chemical parameters of the thermal water in Katana region varied from one spring to another. The variation of temperature of the springs was not significant (F= 0.1902; p = 0.833) during the study period. The high values when until to 70 °C in same springs at Kankule. This diagram indicates that Katana thermal spring waters have very similar hydrochemical characteristics and therefore may share a common source area. The springs are originating directly from crystalline rocks and belong to the two types of thermal water (Ca–HCO3 and Ca–Mg–HCO3 type waters). The diagnostic chemical character of water solutions in hydrologic systems has been determined with the application of the concept of hydro chemical facies. The Ca-Mg-HCO3 plot conforms thermal water falls in Ca-Mg domain. Keywords: water springs, thermal waters¸ hydro chemical, Total Suspended Sediment, Alkalinity, Total hardness, Calcium.
Authors and Affiliations
Bagalwa M. L, Karume K
Keywords
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