Identities, Differences and Universality of Human Rights Based on Iranian Religious and Ethnic Identities
Journal Title: The Journal of Human Rights - Year 2014, Vol 8, Issue 1
Abstract
The concept of “Human rights” is the main signifier of the discourse of international community. Despite its growing use, widespread resonance and hegemony, there are different approaches and debates for its understanding ranging from universalism to relativism. In recent decades, the issue of human rights has seriously promoted and encouraged universal respect and observance especially from the perspective of “minority rights” including all fundamental freedoms for all, without any discrimination, as well as safeguarding religious, cultural and ethnic identities. This paper referring to the understanding of the concept of “minority” argues and investigates the stand of human and minority rights from two dimensions of international documents and Islam. Then, it focuses on the issue of minority rights in Islam reviewing indiscrimination, fundamental freedoms and rights as well as religious, cultural and ethnic identities of the minorities considered in Islam. The concepts like freedom, equal rights, no torture and mistreatment, and participation right of the minority groups included in the constitution of the Islamic Republic of Iran are the next issues discussed by the researcher. At the end, the fruits and challenges of the rights of the religious and ethnic minorities are discussed at the national and international levels and the obligations of legal-political management and the official duties and commitments of the Islamic Republic of Iran are mentioned. چکیده حقوق بشر دال مرکزی گفتمان جامعه بین المللی است. علیرغم غلبه گفتمانی این دال؛ رویکردها و قرائت های متفاوتی در فهم و اجراء آن وجود دارد که در دو سر طیف آن می توان از جهان گرایان و نسبیت گرایان قرار دارند. در دهه های اخیر در چارچوب پذیرش و احترام به تفاوت های دینی و قومی به عنوان یک واقعیت موجود، موضوع حقوق بشر به ویژه از زاویه ”حقوق اقلیت‌ها“ هم از جهت عدم تبعیض و اعمال حقوق و آزادی‌های اساسی و هم از حیث حفظ هویت مذهبی، فرهنگی و قومی مورد توجه جدی جامعة بین‌المللی و افکار عمومی قرار گرفته است. این مقاله ضمن اشاره ای به مفهوم اقلیت، جایگاه حقوق بشر و حقوق اقلیت‌ها را از دو بعد یعنی؛ اسناد بین‌المللی و از منظر اسلام مورد طرح و بررسی قرار داده، در ادامه به حقوق اقلیت‌ها در اسلام از چشم‌انداز عدم تبعیض و اعمال حقوق و آزادی‌های اساسی و همچنین حفظ هویت مذهبی، فرهنگی و قومی آنها پرداخته و مفاهیمی نظیر آزادی، تساوی در برابر قانون، منع شکنجه، حق مشارکت در ادارة امور کشور را در قانون اساسی جمهوری اسلامی مورد مداقه داده است. بخش پایانی مقاله به دستاوردها و چالش های حقوق اقلیت های دینی و قومی در سطح کشور و در سطح بین المللی و نیز بایسته‌ها و الزامات مدیریت سیاسی- حقوقی اداره جامعه و وظایف دولت جمهوری اسلامی در این زمینه‌ها می‌پردازد.
Authors and Affiliations
Babak Naderpour, Mojtaba Maghsoudi
Keywords
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