Immobilized Enzyme Technology: Potentiality and Prospects
Journal Title: Journal of Enzymology and Metabolism - Year 2014, Vol 1, Issue 1
Abstract
Enzymes are biocatalysts that catalyze a wide array of reactions. Enzyme immobilization is a technique where an enzyme is fixed to a support (more recently nanostructures) while retaining its catalytic activity. Natural or artificial substrates can be used as efficient carriers. A variety of both reversible and irreversible immobilization methods are available, viz., adsorption, chelation, affinity binding, covalent binding, cross linking, entrapment, encapsulation, etc. Each method has its own set of advantages and disadvantages. Hence, new or improved techniques of immobilization are being investigated. Immobilized enzymes have shown greater stability, high activity (comparable or even greater than free enzymes) and better tolerance to unfavourable conditions. This technology also prevents the loss of enzymes into the reaction medium (leaking of enzyme). Immobilized enzymes find applications in a wide array of fields, including food and textile industries, medicine, biodiesel production and other industrial sectors. Treatment of several diseases and bioremediation programs to remove toxic pollutants from the environment has also been undertaken using this technique. The potential of multi-enzyme immobilized systems as a tool to catalyze multi-step reactions are the present focus of the scientific community to ensure better industrial yields.
Authors and Affiliations
Aryadeep Roychoudhury
Keywords
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