Immunotherapy and probiotic treatment for allergic rhinitis in children
Journal Title: Paediatrica Indonesiana - Year 2018, Vol 58, Issue 6
Abstract
Background Allergic rhinitis is a global health problem that is increasing in prevalence. Many kinds of therapy have been tried, such as antihistamines, probiotics, and immunotherapy. Immunotherapy may restore the patient’s normal immunity against the specific allergen, while probiotics may modify the natural course of allergy. Objective To evaluate probiotics and immunotherapy for improving clinical symptoms of allergic rhinitis. Methods This randomized controlled trial (RCT) involved 64 patients, aged 3-18 years, and diagnosed with persistent allergic rhinitis in the Department of Child Health, Sardjito General Hospital from April 2016 until May 2017. Patients were randomly allocated into three therapy groups: group A (standard therapy/cetirizine only), group B (standard and probiotic therapy), and group C (standard therapy and immunotherapy). Clinical symptoms of allergic rhinitis including sneezing, rhinorrhea, and itchy nose, were evaluated for 7 weeks and classified as improved or not improved. The significance of the data was analyzed using proportion test. Results Sixty-four patients completed 7 weeks of therapy, 15 subjects in group A, 26 in group B, and 23 in group C. Group C showed significantly more improvement of sneezing and rhinorrhea compared to both group A (Z=5.71; Z=7.57, respectively) and group B (Z=2.82; Z=6.90, respectively). However, itchy nose was not significantly improved in group C compared to group B (Z=0.50), but was significantly improved in group C compared to group A (Z=10.91). Group B had significant improvement of sneezing, rhinorrhea, and itchy nose compared to group A (Z=3.81, Z=2.86, and Z=10.91, respectively). Conclusion The combined standard-immunotherapy group has significantly superior improvement compared to the combined standard-probiotic group and the standard therapy group, in terms of sneezing and rhinorrhea in children with persistent allergic rhinitis.
Authors and Affiliations
Sumadiono Sumadiono, Cahya Satria, Nurul Mardhiah, Grace Susanti
Keywords
Related Articles
- EP ID EP508845
- DOI 10.14238/pi58.6.2018.280-5
- Views 77
- Downloads 0
Effectiveness of amitriptyline for treating functional dyspepsia in adolescents
Background Functional dyspepsia is common among adolescents. Pain reduces children’s quality of life, psychosocial functioning, and school attendance. Amitriptyline is assumed to be one of the alternative treatments in f...
Noise exposure at school and blood pressure in adolescents
Background The increasing prevalence of primary hypertension has motivated researchers to identify influencing factors, one of which is noise. There have been few studies on a relationships between noise exposure and blo...
Intravenous paracetamol and patent ductus arteriosus closure in preterm infants
Background Indomethacin and ibuprofen are the drugs of choice for closure of patent ductus arteriosus (PDA) in preterm infants. However, intravenous preparations are of limited availability in Indonesia. Circumstantial e...
Congenital obstructive posterior urethral membranes and recurrent urinary tract infection: a rare case of congenital hypertrophy of the verumontanum
Congenital obstructive posterior urethral membranes (COPUM) is a complex disease closely related to several pathological changes in kidney development and function, as a result of urinary reflux since in utero. This cong...
Vitamin D levels in epileptic children on long-term anticonvulsant therapy
Background Long-term anticonvulsant therapy, especially with enzyme inducers, has been associated with low 25-hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D] levels and high prevalence of vitamin D deficiency. However, there have been incons...