Implant treatment of patients with diabetes mellitus
Journal Title: Journal of Stomatology (Czasopismo Stomatologiczne) - Year 2013, Vol 66, Issue 1
Abstract
Introduction. Application of the endosteal dental implant significantly improved treatment options for patients with different types of dental deficiencies. However, there is a group of conditions, an example of which is diabetes, which are relative or absolute contraindications to the implementation of implant treatment. Aim of the study. To present a systematic review of the literature on the assessment of the effects of diabetes on the process of osseointegration of dental implants and implant treatment process. Materials and methods. The Pubmed database since 1992 was searched using the following MeSH keywords: diabetes, dental implants, osseointegration, bone, bone tissue, bone density, bone remodelling. Searched publications include both human material and animal. However, since not enough data are available on the outcome of implant treatment carried out on humans, most of the information comes from descriptions of experimental animal studies. Thirty-three publications were identified that meet these criteria. Results. Data in the literature indicate that the survival rate of implants in patients with controlled diabetes is lower than in healthy patients. This disease affects the occurrence of adverse structural changes in bone and the deterioration of the soft tissue healing. The causes of these pathological symptoms are hypercalciuria, neuropathy and angiopathy. But hyperglycemia and hyperinsulinemia remain the main cause of reduced bone density. Conclusion. Diabetes can have a negative impact on the process of osseointegration and increase the percentage of failures in implant treatment. This condition, however, is not an absolute contraindication to the use of this type of therapy. The condition, which ensures the success of the treatment is the correct level of glycemic control. In addition, the use of antibiotics and chlorhexidine cover helps reduce the risk of complications after surgery.
Authors and Affiliations
Barbara Burzyńska, Elżbieta Mierzwińska-Nastalska
Keywords
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