Improving the Quantitative, Qualitative, and Agronomic Phosphorus Efficiency of Soybean (Glycine max L.)
Journal Title: Journal of Agroecology - Year 2024, Vol 15, Issue 4
Abstract
Introduction One of the most important issues in improving the growth and increasing the yield of oil plants is proper nutrition and providing the nutrients the plant needs during the growing season. Today, using biofertilizers in agriculture is considered an effective way to reduce the consumption of chemical inputs to increase the quantitative and qualitative yield of plants using beneficial soil microorganisms. Among these organisms, phosphate-solubilizing bacteria, which can increase the phosphorus uptake efficiency of plants, can be mentioned. According to reports, humic acid is a plant growth stimulant mainly by changing the root structure and growth dynamics, increasing the root size, branching and density. Materials and Methods A field experiment was conducted at the agricultural research station, Bu-Ali Sina University, in the 2020 growing season. The employed soybean cultivar was Habit. This factorial experiment was performed based on a randomized complete blocks design with three replications. Experiment factors were two levels of phosphorus fertilizer, including application and non-application, biophosphate, including inoculated and non-inoculated, and foliar application of humic acid, including 0, 2, and 4 g.l-1 (during two stages of 15 and 30 days after emergence at the rate of 250 liters per hectare). In the present study, the interaction effect of humic acid and phosphate solubilizing biofertilizer was evaluated on phosphorus agronomic efficiency, water use efficiency, yield, yield components, and quality characteristics of soybean. In this study, after checking the residual normality of the data, SAS software (Ver. 9.1) was used to analyze the data variance. Also, to compare the means, Duncan's multiple range test at the level of 5% probability was used. Results and Discussion The results showed that with phosphorus fertilizer application, simultaneous use of biophosphate and humic acid increased plant height (19.2%), biological yield (28.8%), and number of pods per plant (20.4%) compared to the lack of biophosphate and humic acid conditions. For the treatment level of non-use of phosphorus fertilizer and use of biophosphate, foliar application of 4 g/l of humic acid compared to 2 g/l increased the biological yield of soybean by 13.9%. The 1000-grain weight of soybeans in phosphorus fertilizer application conditions showed no no significant difference between humic acid levels. However, in non-phosphorus fertilizer conditions, foliar application of 4 g/l of humic acid caused a significant increase in 1000-grain weight compared to non-humic acid treatment. It seems that the application of humic acid has strengthened the relationship of the plant with phosphate-solubilizing bacteria. Also, the number of grains per pod of soybean increased by 14.6% with biophosphate and 16.8% with the foliar application of 4 g/l of humic acid compared to the conditions of no application of any of them. The application of 4 g/.l-1 of humic acid and the application of biophosphate increased grain yield by 27.3% and 26.4%, respectively. The highest percentage of seed oil (23.21) was obtained in the absence of phosphorus fertilizer and simultaneous application of 4 g.l-1 of humic acid and biophosphate. In contrast, the highest percentage of grain protein (51.3) was obtained in the presence of phosphorus fertilizer, 4 g.l-1 of humic acid, and no biophosphate. In the absence of available phosphorus in the soil, the application of biophosphate takes precedence over the foliar application of humic acid. This is evident as, without biophosphate application, there was no significant difference in seed oil percentage across various levels of humic acid. When biophosphate and humic acid were used in combination, compared to the sole use of biophosphate, the individual application of 4 g.l-1 and 2 g.l-1 of humic acid increased phosphorus agronomic efficiency by 21.1%, 35.7%, and 48.3%, respectively. The results indicate that the combined use of biophosphate and foliar application of 4 g/l of humic acid, in comparison to their absence, improved the water use efficiency of soybean by 25% and 26%, respectively. Conclusion Therefore, simultaneous application of 4 g.l-1 of humic acid and biophosphate can improve growth yield, and increase soybean phosphorus agronomic and water use efficiency. However, to achieve a higher percentage of seed oil, 4 g.l-1 of humic acid alone is recommended.
Authors and Affiliations
Sadegh Vahdat Masoud,Mohammad Ali Aboutalebian,
Keywords
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- EP ID EP731348
- DOI DOI: 10.22067/agry.2022.75382.1097
- Views 31
- Downloads 0
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