In vivo and in vitro Toxicity Studies of Crude and Partially Purified Leaf Extracts of Jatropha curcas in Wistar Albino Rats
Journal Title: Journal of Pharmaceutical Research International - Year 2017, Vol 20, Issue 2
Abstract
Aims: Jatropha curcas (J. curcas) is a plant that has numerous medicinal and industrial applications. Evaluation of in vitro and in vivo acute/sub chronic hepato-renal toxicity of crude methanol J. curcas leaf extract on albino rats, in vitro toxicity of the fractions and characterization of these fractions were carried out in this study. Study Design: Twenty albino rats were grouped into four, orally administered; 0, 100, 200, and 250 mg/kg daily of the crude extract for 28 days. Place and Duration of Study: Department of Biochemistry, Bayero University Kano and Department of Pure and Applied Chemistry, Bayero University Kano between July 2016 and April 2017. Methodology: Partially purified fractions of the extract were obtained by column chromatography. Brine Shrimp Lethality assay of the crude extract and fractions were carried out. FTIR, GC-MS and LC-MS were used to characterize the fractions, one-way anova and probit analysis were used for data analysis. Results: The oral LD50 of J. curcas extract was found to be 2,391.65 mg/kg. Alkaline phosphatase (ALP), Direct bilirubin (D. BIL) and Albumin (ALB) showed significant (p < 0.05) differences while Alanine amino transferase (ALT), Aspartate amino transferase (AST), Total bilirubin (T. BIL) and Total protein (T.P) showed slight variations in some of the treated groups. Histological features of the liver showed dose dependent mild toxic effect of the extract. Creatinine and potassium levels showed significant (p < 0.05) differences while urea, chloride, sodium and bicarbonate levels slightly differ in some of the treated groups when compared to the control. Abnormal kidney histological features were only observed in the highest dose group. The crude leaf extract, fraction 1, and fraction 2 gave LC50 values of 109.07 µg/ml, 100 µg/ml, and 883.26 µg/ml respectively. Fraction 1 indicated the presence of ursolic acid, betulinic acid, and oleanolic acid while fraction 2 showed fragments of hydroxyl hopanone. Conclusion: This study showed various toxicity indices that revealed slight toxic effect of the crude methanol leaf extract.
Authors and Affiliations
A. Mahe, Y. Y. Muhammad, I. K. Adam, M. K. Atiku, A. A. Imam
Keywords
Related Articles
- EP ID EP313164
- DOI 10.9734/JPRI/2017/38137
- Views 74
- Downloads 0
Effects of Momordica charantia on Serum Lipid Profile, Serum Protein Levels and Selected Markers of Cardiovascular Damage in Diabetic Rats
Aims: To investigate the effects of M. charantia on serum lipid profile, serum protein concentration and selected markers of cardiovascular damage in streptozotocin-induced diabetic Wistar rats. Study design: Forty heal...
Iodine-125-Chlorambucil as Possible Radio Anticancer for Diagnosis and Therapy of Cancer: Preparation and Tissue Distribution
Chlorambucil (CLB) is an aromatic nitrogen mustard and an alkylating agent. It has been mainly used in the chemotherapy. A method for radiopharmaceutical preparation of [125I]-iodo-Chlorambucil a potential cancer therape...
In vitro Anticancer Activity of Hibiscus vitifolius Flowers Ethyl Acetate Fraction against Hepg2 Cell Line
Objective: The roots of Hibiscus vitifolius (Malavaceae) are used for the treatment of jaundice in the folklore system of medicine in India. This study is an attempt to evaluate anticancer activity of the flowers of Hibi...
Comparison of Three Nutriceutical Food Supplements for the Treatment of Infertility
Aims: Approximately one out of every 8 couples is confronted with a problem of infertility. The diagnostic and therapeutic management, taking into account the WHO recommendations, may be complemented by nutriceutical foo...
Review of Drug Interactions: A Comprehensive Update
Prescribing multiple medications predisposes to possibilities of occurrence of drug interactions. Various different terminology and ways exist to classify or arrange drug interactions. Drugs interact with other drugs, fo...