Inflammatory Bowel Disease: A Clinicopathological Study at a Tertiary Care Centre in India.
Journal Title: International Journal of Medical Science and Innovative Research (IJMSIR) - Year 2019, Vol 4, Issue 3
Abstract
Objective: Colonoscopy and histopathology are essential tools for diagnostic work up of inflammatory bowel diseases. The present prospective study was conducted with the aim to study the spectrum of lesions, to find age and sex distribution of these lesions, anatomical site and to study the various colonoscopic and histopathological features which helps to make correct diagnosis and categorize IBD. Material and Methods: The present prospective study was conducted in department of pathology in collaboration with department of Gastroenterology, Pt. B.D. Sharma, PGIMS, Rohtak. A total of 100 consecutive colonic mucosal biopsies from clinically suspected patients of inflammatory bowel disease were taken along with clinical and colonoscopic findings.. Biopsies were fixed and processed by routine histological technique for paraffin embedding and staining with hematoxylin and eosin. A histopathological diagnosis was made on basis of certain histopathological features represented by crypt architectural abnormalities, mucosal epithelial changes and inflammatory features. Results: Maximum number of patients were in the age group of 31-40 years (30%). Males were more commonly affected (55%) with a male: female ratio of 1.2:1. The main clinical manifestations were pain abdomen, bleeding per rectum, diarrhea, blood in stools which were present alone or in combination. The common endoscopic findings observed in our study were distal colitis, erosion/ulceration and loss of vascular pattern with erythema and granularity. Anatomical location of diseases included pancolitis (36%), left sided colitis (33%), proctitis (16%) and ileocaecal region (07%). In our study common histopathological findings were chronic lymphoplasmacytic infiltrate (97%), acute inflammatory cells in lamina propria (76%), cryptitis (48%), crypt abscess with crypt destruction (36%), ulceration (15%), and transmural inflammation (02%). Conclusion: A wide range of inflammatory conditions affect the GIT. Among IBD ulcerative colitis is more common in this part of India. The clinical presentation and colonoscopy can suspect the cases as IBD but endoscopic biopsies are the gold standard for the diagnosis of IBD and to distinguish the various form of colitis from IBD.
Authors and Affiliations
Dr. Manish Kumar
Keywords
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