Influence of Certain Animal Manures on Nematode Community in Mandarin Orchards Citrus reticulata (Blanco) in Sharkia Governorate, Egypt
Journal Title: Egyptian Journal of Agronematology - Year 2018, Vol 17, Issue 2
Abstract
The effects of cow, horse and turkey manures in comparison with oxamyl on phytoparasitic, free-living and predacious nematodes were verified in a mandarin orchard located in Sharkia Governorate during 2017. Treatments of cow and horse manures were at the rate of 6.4 tons/ feddan, while that of turkey manure was at the rate of 4.8 tons/ feddan. However, oxamyl 10% G was treated at the rate of 25 kg/ feddan. Samples were taken monthly during three months after application. Soil temperature and pH were measured after sampling. Results indicated that the tested manures and oxamyl significantly (P ≤ 0.05) minified numbers of phytonematodes. The best treatment (after oxamyl) was turkey manure followed by horse manure, while cow manure was the least effective one. Remarkable decrease in numbers of plant-parasitic nematodes was noticed as the time elapsed after application. For instances, in turkey manure treatment percentages reduction in numbers of Tylenchulus semipenetrans, Pratylenchus spp., Tylenchorhynchus spp., and Helicotylenchus spp. after 2 and 3 months were diminished by 56.78% (75.29%), 57.66% (78.54%), 56.84% (77.95%) 56.23% and (78.28%), respectively. On the other hand, one month after application, the tested manures slightly increased numbers of free-living nematodes mainly genus Rhabditis and predacious nematodes belonging to order: Mononchida. Whereas, 2 and 3 months after application pronounced abundance of these nematodes was detected. The highest augmentation was achieved in soil amended with turkey manure. However, oxamyl decreased numbers of nonstomatostylet bearing nematodes compared to untreated trees. The tested manures raised soil temperature and altered soil pH to be alkaline. Generally, our results emphasized the significance of animal manures particularly the turkey one in suppression plant-parasitic nematodes in mandarin orchards which may be attributed to its role in increasing predacious nematodes and change soil temperature and pH.
Authors and Affiliations
A. El-Marzoky, R. El-Ashry
Keywords
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