Influence of Pre-Emergence Herbicides on the Soil Microflora During the Crop Growth of Transplanted Rice
Journal Title: International Journal of Agricultural Science and Research (IJASR) - Year 2017, Vol 7, Issue 3
Abstract
The use of herbicides in transplanted rice may affect the biological equilibrium of the soil and thus influence the nutrient status, health and productivity of the soil. To study the effect of herbicides on soil microbial populations of transplanted rice, field experiment was conducted at PJTSAU, Hyderabad during Kharif 2013 and 2014. Fourteen weed control treatments, viz. T1: pretilachlor @ 625 g a.i. ha-1 as PE at 3 DAT, T2: pyrazosulfuron ethyl @ 20 g a.i. ha-1 3 DAT, T3: pretilachlor 6% + bensulfuron methyl 0.6% @ 10 kg granules ha-1 as PE at 3 DAT, T4: pyrazosulfuron ethyl @ 20 g a.i. ha-1 at 3 DAT followed by manual weeding at 25 DAT, T5: penoxsulam @ 22.5 g a.i. Ha-1 as Poe at 12 DAT, T6: cyhalofop-p-butyl @ 100 g a.i. Ha-1 as Poe 15 DAT, T7: bispyribac sodium @ 25 g a.i. ha-1 as PoE 25 DAT, T8: azimsulfuron @ 35 g a.i. ha-1 as PoE at 25 DAT, T9: bispyribac sodium @ 25 g a.i. ha-1 + ethoxy sulfuron 18.75 g a.i. ha-1 as PoE at 25 DAT, T10:bispyribac sodium @ 20 g a.i. ha-1 + metsulfuron methyl + chlorimuron ethyl @ 4 g a.i. ha-1 as PoE at 25 DAT, T11: pretilachlor @ 750 g a.i. ha-1 as PE at 3 DAT fb ethoxy sulfuron @ 18.75 g a.i. ha-1 as PoE at 25 DAT, T12: pretilachlor @ 750 g a.i. ha-1 as PE at 3 DAT fb metsulfuron methyl + chlorimuron ethyl @ 4 g a.i. ha-1 as PoE at 25 DAT, T13: hand weeding twice at 25 and 45 DAT and T14: weedy check. The results revealed that microorganisms are able to degrade herbicides and utilize them as a source of biogenic elements for their own physiological processes. However, before degradation, herbicides have toxic effects on microorganisms, reducing their abundance, activity and consequently, the diversity of their communities. The toxic effects of herbicides are normally most severe immediately after application. Later on, microorganisms take part in a degradation process, and then the degraded organic herbicides provide carbon rich substrates which in terms maximize the microbial population in the rhizosphere.
Authors and Affiliations
P. Spandana Bhatt, M. Yakadri, S. Sridevi, P. Leela Rani
Keywords
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